Maximum Value Problem FZU - 2037

找规律，找规律，先打表再找规律。个人赛两个半个小时出了这一个题，一个小时打表，一个小时写代码，菜鸡选手

规律就是 F[i]  = F[i-1]*n + (n-1)!;  对于概率 n！ = （n-1）！*n； 

F[i] / n! = F[i-1] / (n-1)! + 1 / n; 递推就可以

所以直接打表就可以求出来。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <math.h>
#include <stack>
#include <utility>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <set>
#define LL long long
using namespace std;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int maxn = 1000000 + 10;
const int mod = 1000000007;
int dir[4][2] = {{1,0},{0,1},{-1,0},{0,-1}};
int num[maxn];
LL f[maxn];
double c[maxn];
void init()
{
	f[1] = 1;
	LL N = 1;
	c[1] = 1;

	for(int i = 2;i <= maxn;i++)
	{
		f[i] = (f[i-1]*i+ N)%mod;
		N = (N*i)%mod;
		c[i] = c[i-1] + 1.0/i;
	}
}

int main()
{

    init();
	int t,n;
	cin>>t;
	for(int i = 1;i<=t;i++)
	{

		cin>>n;
		 printf("Case %d: %I64d %.6lf\n",i,f[n],c[n]);
	}

	return 0;

}

Let’s start with a very classical problem. Given an array a[1…n] of positive numbers, if the value of each element in the array is distinct, how to find the maximum element in this array? You may write down the following pseudo code to solve this problem:

function find_max(a[1…n])

max=0;

for each v from a

if(max<v)

max=v;

return max;

However, our problem would not be so easy. As we know, the sentence ‘max=v’ would be executed when and only when a larger element is found while we traverse the array. You may easily count the number of execution of the sentence ‘max=v’ for a given array a[1…n].

Now, this is your task. For all permutations of a[1…n], including a[1…n] itself, please calculate the total number of the execution of the sentence ‘max=v’. For example, for the array [1, 2, 3], all its permutations are [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2] and [3, 2, 1]. For the six permutations, the sentence ‘max=v’ needs to be executed 3, 2, 2, 2, 1 and 1 times respectively. So the total number would be 3+2+2+2+1+1=11 times.

Also, you may need to compute that how many times the sentence ‘max=v’ are expected to be executed when an array a[1…n] is given (Note that all the elements in the array is positive and distinct). When n equals to 3, the number should be 11/6= 1.833333.

Input

The first line of the input contains an integer T(T≤100,000), indicating the number of test cases. In each line of the following T lines, there is a single integer n(n≤1,000,000) representing the length of the array.

Output

For each test case, print a line containing the test case number (beginning with 1), the total number mod 1,000,000,007

and the expected number with 6 digits of precision, round half up in a single line.

Sample Input

2
2
3

Sample Output

Case 1: 3 1.500000
Case 2: 11 1.833333