一、简述
Spring Cloud
Spring Cloud是一个分布式的整体解决方案。Spring Cloud 为开发者提供了在分布式系统(配置管理,服务发现,熔断,路由,微代理,控制总线,一次性token,全局琐,leader选举,分布式session,集群状态)中快速构建的工具,使用Spring Cloud的开发者可以快速的启动服务或构建应用、同时能够快速和云平台资源进行对接。
SpringCloud分布式开发五大常用组件
- 服务发现——Netflix Eureka
- 客服端负载均衡——Netflix Ribbon
- 断路器——Netflix Hystrix
- 服务网关——Netflix Zuul
- 分布式配置——Spring Cloud Config
二、Spring Cloud 入门
1、创建provider
1)依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.12.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.lc</groupId>
<artifactId>provider-ticket</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>provider-ticket</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR5</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2)application.yml
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: provider-ticket
eureka:
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true # 注册服务时使用服务的IP
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
3)创建服务接口
@RestController
public class TicketController {
@Autowired
TicketService ticketService;
@GetMapping("/ticket")
public String getTicket(){
return ticketService.getTicket();
}
}
2、创建consumer
1)maven依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.12.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.lc</groupId>
<artifactId>consumer-user</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>consumer-user</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR5</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2)application.yml
spring:
application:
name: cosumer-user
server:
port: 8002
eureka:
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true # 注册服务时使用服务的IP
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
3)开启服务扫描注册机制
package com.lc.consumeruser;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@EnableDiscoveryClient //开启发现服务功能
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerUserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerUserApplication.class, args);
}
@LoadBalanced // 使用负载均衡机制
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4) 调用远程接口
package com.lc.consumeruser.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/buy")
public String buyTicket(){
String s = restTemplate.getForObject("http://PROVIDER-TICKET/ticket", String.class);
return s;
}
}
3、引入Eureka注册中心
1) maven依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.12.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.lc</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR5</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2)application.yml
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka-server # eureka实例的主机名
client:
register-with-eureka: false # 不将自己注册到eureka上
fetch-registry: false #不从eureka上获取服务的注册信息
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
3)开启服务
package com.lc.eurekaserver;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
/**
* 注册中心
* 1.配置Eureka信息
* 2.启动@EnableEurekaServer服务
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer // 启动eureka服务
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}