xpath是一门在XML文档中查找信息的语言
概念
节点(Node)
元素、属性、文本、命名空间、文档(根)节点
节点关系
父(parent)
子 (Children)
同胞 (Sibling)
先辈 (Ancestor)
后代 (Descendant)
xpath语法
表达式 | 描述 |
---|---|
nodename | 选取此节点的所有子节点 |
// | 从任意子节点中选取 |
/ | 从根节点选取 |
. | 选取当前节点 |
… | 选取当前节点的父节点 |
@ | 选取属性 |
解析器比较
解析器 | 速度 | 难度 |
---|---|---|
re | 最快 | 难 |
BeautifulSoup | 慢 | 非常简单 |
lxml | 快 | 简单 |
BeautifulSoup:需要
pip install bs4
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
# 创建一个BeautifulSoup对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc)
print(soup.prettify())
# 创建一个BeautifulSoup对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc