使用过JSTL
或任何类似的基于XML
的文本处理器的人都应该熟悉动态SQL
元素。在MyBatis
之前的版本中,有很多元素需要了解和理解。MyBatis 3
在这方面有了很大的改进,现在只有不到一半的元素需要处理。MyBatis
使用强大的OGNL
表达式来消除大部分其他元素:MyBatis
使用强大的OGNL
表达式来消除大部分其他元素:
目录
OGNL
OGNL( Object Graph Navigation Language )对象图导航语言,这是一种强大的 表达式语言,通过它可以非常方便的来操作对象属性。 类似于我们的EL,SpEL等
访问对象属性:person.name
调用方法:person.getName()
调用静态属性/方法:@java.lang.Math@PI
,@java.util.UUID@randomUUID()
调用构造方法:new com.atguigu.bean.Person(‘admin’).name
运算符:+,-*,/,%
逻辑运算符:in,not in,>,>=,<,<=,==,!=
注意:xml中特殊符号如”,>,<等这些都需要使用转义字符
if:判断
假设我们现在查询员工,要求,携带了哪个字段查询条件就带上这个字段的值
新建一个新的接口EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
写方法:
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionIf(Employee employee);
然后新建一个与之对应的EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
映射文件
<select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.atguigu.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee
<!-- test:判断表达式(OGNL)
c:if test
从参数中取值进行判断
遇见特殊符号应该去写转义字符:
-->
<if test="id!=null">
id=#{id}
</if>
<!-- && 代表&&,是转义字符 -->
<if test="lastName!=null && lastName!=""">
and last_name like #{lastName}
</if>
<!-- "" 代表"",是转义字符 -->
<if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
and email=#{email}
</if>
<!-- ognl会进行字符串与数字的转换判断 像这样的"0"==0是可以的 -->
<if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
and gender=#{gender}
</if>
</select>
测试一下:
@Test
public void testDynamicSql() throws IOException{
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try{
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
//可以看到查询语句是这样的:select * from tbl_employee where id=? and last_name like ?
//因为我们下面写sql语句时只带了 id 和 lastName ,所以查询语句中只有 id 和 last_name
//测试if\where
Employee employee = new Employee(1, "%e%", null, null);
List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionIf(employee );
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}finally{
openSession.close();
}
}
where:封装查询条件
注意:查询的时候如果某些条件没带可能sql
拼装会有问题
比如下面查询语句没有带id
:
Employee employee = new Employee(null, "Admin", null, null);
这样就会报错了,这时候发送的SQL
语句是这样的:select * from tbl_employee where and last_name like ?
可以看到它硬生生把and
条件拼装上去了…..
解决办法:使用where
标签来将所有的查询条件包括在内。mybatis
就会将where
标签中拼装的sql
多出来的and
或者or
去掉
像这样:
<where>
<if test="id!=null">
id=#{id}
</if>
<!-- 后面如果还有if也要写进来 -->
</where>
加上之后查询时发送的SQL
语句就不会出错了:select * from tbl_employee WHERE last_name like ?
但是:where
只会去掉第一个多出来的and
或者or
:
还是这个查询语句:
Employee employee = new Employee(null, "Admin", null, null);
如果你把and
写在后面了,还是会报错的,这时的SQL
语句是这样的select * from tbl_employee WHERE last_name like ? and
解决办法:
and
写在前面,哈哈哈!
trim:自定义字符串截取
上面的后面多出的and
或者or
用where
标签不能解决,这时可以用trim
标签的 suffixOverrides
解决
在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
中写方法:
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionTrim(Employee employee);
然后在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
中实现:
trim
prefix
=”“:前缀:trim
标签体中是整个字符串拼串后的结果。prefix
的作用就是给拼串后的整个字符串加一个前缀prefixOverrides
=”“:前缀覆盖:作用就是去掉整个字符串前面多余的字符suffix
=”“:后缀.suffix
给拼串后的整个字符串加一个后缀suffixOverrides
=”“:后缀覆盖:去掉整个字符串后面多余的字符
<select id="getEmpsByConditionTrim" resultType="com.atguigu.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee
<!-- 自定义字符串的截取规则 -->
<trim prefix="where" suffixOverrides="and">
<if test="id!=null">
id=#{id} and
</if>
<if test="lastName!=null && lastName!=""">
last_name like #{lastName} and
</if>
<if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
email=#{email} and
</if>
<!-- ognl会进行字符串与数字的转换判断 "0"==0 -->
<if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
gender=#{gender}
</if>
</trim>
</select>
测试:
@Test
public void testDynamicSql() throws IOException{
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try{
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(null, "%e%", null, null);
List<Employee> emps2 = mapper.getEmpsByConditionTrim(employee);
for (Employee emp : emps2) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}finally{
openSession.close();
}
}
这样就可以在id
没有带的情况下正确的去掉后面的and
了
choose(when, otherwise):分支选择
跟swtich-case
差不多
假设我们现在要查询员工,如果带了id
就用id
查,如果带了lastName
就用lastName
查,而且只用一个查
在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
中写方法:
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionChoose(Employee employee);
然后在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
中实现:
<select id="getEmpsByConditionChoose" resultType="com.atguigu.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee
<where>
<!-- 如果带了id就用id查,如果带了lastName就用lastName查;只会进入其中一个 -->
<choose>
<when test="id!=null">
id=#{id}
</when>
<when test="lastName!=null">
last_name like #{lastName}
</when>
<when test="email!=null">
email = #{email}
</when>
<!-- 当前面的when都不满足时进入otherwise -->
<otherwise>
gender = 0
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
测试:
@Test
public void testDynamicSql() throws IOException{
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try{
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(null, "%e%", null, null);
List<Employee> list = mapper.getEmpsByConditionChoose(employee);
for (Employee emp : list) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}finally{
openSession.close();
}
}
结果:
当传入参数是Employee employee = new Employee(null, "%e%", null, null);
时
发出的SQL
语句是:select * from tbl_employee WHERE last_name like ?
当传入参数是Employee employee = new Employee(1, "%e%", null, null);
时
发出的SQL
语句是:select * from tbl_employee WHERE id = ?
当传入参数是Employee employee = new Employee(null, null, null, null);
时
发出的SQL
语句是:select * from tbl_employee WHERE gender = 0
set:封装修改条件
现在我们想实现的是我们SQL
语句带了哪个条件就修改员工的哪个属性
在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
中写方法:
public void updateEmp(Employee employee);
然后在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
中实现:
<update id="updateEmp">
<!-- Set标签的使用 -->
update tbl_employee
set
<if test="lastName!=null">
last_name=#{lastName},
</if>
<if test="email!=null">
email=#{email},
</if>
<if test="gender!=null">
gender=#{gender}
</if>
where id=#{id}
</update>
测试:
@Test
public void testDynamicSql() throws IOException{
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try{
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(1, "Admin", null, null);
mapper.updateEmp(employee);
openSession.commit();
}finally{
openSession.close();
}
}
这时测试是不可以正常修改的因为SQL
语句报错了:update tbl_employee set last_name=?, where id=?
可以看到这时的SQL
语句last_name=?
后面多了个,
这时我们把<set>
标签加进去,
就可以正常去掉了
<update id="updateEmp">
<!-- Set标签的使用 -->
update tbl_employee
<set>
<if test="lastName!=null">
last_name=#{lastName},
</if>
<if test="email!=null">
email=#{email},
</if>
<if test="gender!=null">
gender=#{gender}
</if>
</set>
where id=#{id}
</update>
可以想到这里用前面学过的<trim>
标签也是可以解决的
<update id="updateEmp">
update tbl_employee
<trim prefix="set" suffixOverrides=",">
<if test="lastName!=null">
last_name=#{lastName},
</if>
<if test="email!=null">
email=#{email},
</if>
<if test="gender!=null">
gender=#{gender}
</if>
</trim>
where id=#{id}
</update>
foreach:遍历集合
在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
中写方法:
//查询员工id'在给定集合中的
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionForeach(@Param("ids")List<Integer> ids);
然后在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
中实现方法:
<select id="getEmpsByConditionForeach" resultType="com.atguigu.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee
<!--
collection:指定要遍历的集合:
list类型的参数会特殊处理封装在map中,map的key就叫list
item:将当前遍历出的元素赋值给指定的变量
separator:每个元素之间的分隔符
open:遍历出所有结果拼接一个开始的字符
close:遍历出所有结果拼接一个结束的字符
index:索引。遍历list的时候是index就是索引,item就是当前值
遍历map的时候index表示的就是map的key,item就是map的值
#{变量名}就能取出变量的值也就是当前遍历出的元素
-->
<foreach collection="ids" item="item_id" separator=","
open="where id in(" close=")">
#{item_id}
</foreach>
</select>
测试:
@Test
public void testDynamicSql() throws IOException{
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try{
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
List<Employee> list = mapper.getEmpsByConditionForeach(Arrays.asList(1,2));
for (Employee emp : list) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}finally{
openSession.close();
}
}
可以看到结果所发的SQL
语句:select * from tbl_employee where id in ( ? , ? )
是正确的
<foreach>
标签也经常用于批量操作(比如批量增删查改等)
在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
中写方法:
public void addEmps(@Param("emps")List<Employee> emps);
然后在EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
中实现方法:
<!--MySQL下批量保存:可以foreach遍历 mysql支持values(),(),()语法-->
<insert id="addEmps">
insert into tbl_employee(last_name,email,gender,d_id)
values
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator=",">
(#{emp.lastName},#{emp.email},#{emp.gender},#{emp.dept.id})
</foreach>
</insert>
测试:
@Test
public void testBatchSave() throws IOException{
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try{
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
List<Employee> emps = new ArrayList<>();
emps.add(new Employee(null, "smith", "smith@atguigu.com", "1",new Department(1)));
emps.add(new Employee(null, "allen", "allen@atguigu.com", "0",new Department(1)));
mapper.addEmps(emps);
openSession.commit();
}finally{
openSession.close();
}
}
以上这种values(),(),()
语法方式在oracle
中是不支持的….
Oracle支持的批量方式
- 多个
insert
放在begin - end
里面
<!--
begin
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
values(employees_seq.nextval,'test_001','test_001@atguigu.com');
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
values(employees_seq.nextval,'test_002','test_002@atguigu.com');
end;
-->
<insert id="addEmps" databaseId="oracle">
<!-- oracle第一种批量方式 -->
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" open="begin" close="end;">
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
values(employees_seq.nextval,#{emp.lastName},#{emp.email});
</foreach>
</insert>
- 利用中间表
<!--
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
select employees_seq.nextval,lastName,email from(
select 'test_a_01' lastName,'test_a_e01' email from dual
union
select 'test_a_02' lastName,'test_a_e02' email from dual
union
select 'test_a_03' lastName,'test_a_e03' email from dual
)
-->
<insert id="addEmps" databaseId="oracle">
<!-- oracle第二种批量方式 -->
insert into employees(
<!-- 引用外部定义的sql -->
<include refid="insertColumn">
<property name="testColomn" value="abc"/>
</include>
)
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator="union"
open="select employees_seq.nextval,lastName,email from("
close=")">
select #{emp.lastName} lastName,#{emp.email} email from dual
</foreach>
</insert>