使用spring+druid数据连接池+mysql数据库出错

报错信息：

com.alibaba.druid.support.logging.JakartaCommonsLoggingImpl error
严重: create connection SQLException, url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306//user_db, errorCode 0, state 08001
java.sql.SQLNonTransientConnectionException: Cannot load connection class because of underlying exception: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.WrongArgumentException: Malformed database URL, failed to parse the main URL sections.
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:110)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:97)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:89)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:63)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:73)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:79)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:131)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:221)
at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidAbstractDataSource.createPhysicalConnection(DruidAbstractDataSource.java:1558)
at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidAbstractDataSource.createPhysicalConnection(DruidAbstractDataSource.java:1623)
at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource$CreateConnectionThread.run(DruidDataSource.java:2468)
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.UnableToConnectException: Cannot load connection class because of underlying exception: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.WrongArgumentException: Malformed database URL, failed to parse the main URL sections.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:61)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:105)
… 4 more
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.WrongArgumentException: Malformed database URL, failed to parse the main URL sections.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:61)
at com.mysql.cj.conf.ConnectionUrlParser.parseConnectionString(ConnectionUrlParser.java:162)
at com.mysql.cj.conf.ConnectionUrlParser.(ConnectionUrlParser.java:136)
at com.mysql.cj.conf.ConnectionUrlParser.parseConnectionString(ConnectionUrlParser.java:118)
at com.mysql.cj.conf.ConnectionUrl.getConnectionUrlInstance(ConnectionUrl.java:279)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:195)
… 3 more

而且是不停地一直循环报错。
看着caused by这里：

Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.UnableToConnectException: Cannot load connection class because of underlying exception: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.WrongArgumentException: Malformed database URL, failed to parse the main URL sections.
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.WrongArgumentException: Malformed database URL, failed to parse the main URL sections.

推测应该是url写的有问题。
然后开始了漫长的排查过程。
（1）检查你的mysql和mysql的版本是否对应。
我的mysql是8.0.23的，为了保险起见把驱动也换成8.0.23版本的。
（2）检查druid和mysql版本是否对应，查到网上说mysql8.0以后对应的是druid1.1.10。

(3) 配置文件的driverclass和url两个地方也要根据版本修改
这是8.0以下的写法：

8.0以上应该改为：

url的写法是：

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/user_db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone = GMT