如何解决Collectors#toMap报Duplicate key xxx错误问题

前言

最近工作中发现同事写代码遗留了一个bug，在使用Collectors.toMap的时候会出现Exception in thread “main” java.lang.IllegalStateException: Duplicate key XXX的错误，下面对当时的问题代码进行复现，并提出解决方案进行解决。

问题复现

问题代码示例如下：

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        userList.add(new User(1L, "aaa"));
        userList.add(new User(2L, "bbb"));
        userList.add(new User(3L, "ccc"));
        userList.add(new User(2L, "ddd"));
        userList.add(new User(3L, "eee"));
        Map<Long, String> map = userList.stream()
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(User::getId, User::getName));
        System.out.println(map);
    }
}
}

实体User定义如下：

@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
}

运行上述代码将会报出如下的错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: Duplicate key bbb
	at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$throwingMerger$0(Collectors.java:133)
	at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1254)
	at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$58(Collectors.java:1320)
	at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
	at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1382)
	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481)
	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
	at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
	at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
	at com.stream.toMapTest.Test1.main(Test1.java:27)

问题原因也很显然，是因为在将User的List集合转换为Map集合时出现了重复的Key导致，key重复的问题在工作中也经常出现，比如商品的skuId、订单id等。那么如何解决这个问题呢？

解决方案

其实方法很简单，只需要使用Collector.toMap()的另外一个api即可，具体如下：

    public static <T, K, U>
    Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                    Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                                    BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {
        return toMap(keyMapper, valueMapper, mergeFunction, HashMap::new);
    }

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        userList.add(new User(1L, "aaa"));
        userList.add(new User(2L, "bbb"));
        userList.add(new User(3L, "ccc"));
        userList.add(new User(2L, "ddd"));
        userList.add(new User(3L, "eee"));
        
        Map<Long, String> map = userList.stream()
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(User::getId, User::getName, (v1,v2)->v2));
        System.out.println(map);
    }
}