linux常用命令 ls

linux常用命令-目录处理命令ls

以根目录为例

• ls //list 列举目录

[root@localhost /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
boot  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var

• ls -l //long 列举详细信息

[root@localhost /]# clear
[root@localhost /]# ls -l
total 60
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Jan 19 20:23 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   6 root root  4096 Jan 19 20:27 boot
drwxr-xr-x.  19 root root  3220 Jan 19 20:38 dev
drwxr-xr-x.  74 root root  4096 Jan 20 14:01 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Jan 19 20:23 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Jan 19 20:23 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root 16384 Jan 19 20:22 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 100 root root     0 Jan 19 20:37 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root  4096 Jan 19 20:36 root
drwxr-xr-x.  23 root root   660 Jan 20 14:00 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Jan 19 20:23 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root     0 Jan 19 20:37 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   9 root root  4096 Jan 20 14:19 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  4096 Jan 19 20:23 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  19 root root  4096 Jan 19 20:28 var
[root@localhost /]# 

• ls -lh //h->human 人性化->文件格式以kb为单位

[root@localhost /]# ls -lh
total 60K
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Jan 19 20:23 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   6 root root 4.0K Jan 19 20:27 boot
drwxr-xr-x.  19 root root 3.2K Jan 19 20:38 dev
drwxr-xr-x.  74 root root 4.0K Jan 20 14:01 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root 4.0K Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Jan 19 20:23 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Jan 19 20:23 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root  16K Jan 19 20:22 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root 4.0K Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root 4.0K Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root 4.0K Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 100 root root    0 Jan 19 20:37 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 4.0K Jan 19 20:36 root
drwxr-xr-x.  23 root root  660 Jan 20 14:00 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Jan 19 20:23 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root 4.0K Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root    0 Jan 19 20:37 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   9 root root 4.0K Jan 20 14:19 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root 4.0K Jan 19 20:23 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  19 root root 4.0K Jan 19 20:28 var
[root@localhost /]# 

• ls -a //all 显示所有文件，包括隐藏文件（隐藏文件的文件名以.开头）

[root@localhost ~]# cd /root
[root@localhost ~]# ls -a
.  ..  anaconda-ks.cfg  .bash_history  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cshrc  .tcshrc
[root@localhost ~]# 

文件信息解析

• 知识补充
  在linux中，每个文件都有自身的创建者user（u）,所属组group（g）,其他other(o)，各自对应其操作权限
• eg

[root@localhost /]# ls -l /usr
total 84
dr-xr-xr-x.  2 root root 20480 Jan 19 20:30 bin

1. 文件信息中的第一个字符表示文件种类
   ‘d’ 表示目录（directory）
   ‘-’ 表示文件（file）
   ‘l’ 表示软链接（link）
2. 其它信息
   
   其中r表示read（读）,w表示write（写），x表示execute（执行文件）

• ls -i //查看文件i值

eg: [root@localhost ~]# ls -i /root/h5 /tmp/h5.hard /tmp/h5.soft
	524301 /root/h5  524301 /tmp/h5.hard  393218 /tmp/h5.soft
[root@localhost ~]#