简介
本系列(MySQL学习笔记)是我基于B站上SQL播放量第一的MySQL 基础+高级篇- 数据库 -sql -尚硅谷视频所做的笔记,方便大家学习和掌握MySQL。
说明
1.这个系列基本包含了视频中老师讲课的所有内容,包括知识点、案例、部分测试题。
2.所需的配套资料(来自B站评论区)
@黎曼的猜想:
配套资料下载–>公众号公众号 DragonWell 回复:mysql 注意:是公众号!!是公众号!!是公众号,点那个 搜一搜 搜索!!!
不是私人号,是公众号!!! (可以直接在 搜一搜 搜索 dragonwell) 名称是:DragonWell公众号
3.SQLyog的安装(来自B站评论区)
@江左萌粽猪 链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/18PDjbqEeDSAjQM0VQye6og 提取码:qjuz
目录
MySQL学习笔记1:数据查询语言(DQL语言)select基本用法
MySQL学习笔记2:where 条件查询
MySQL学习笔记3:order by 排序查询
MySQL学习笔记4:常见函数(一) 单行函数
MySQL学习笔记5:常见函数(二) 分组函数
MySQL学习笔记6:group by 分组查询
MySQL学习笔记7:join 连接查询(SQL 92标准)
MySQL学习笔记8:join 连接查询(SQL 99标准)
MySQL学习笔记9:子查询(内查询)
MySQL学习笔记10:union 联合查询
MySQL学习笔记11:limit 分页查询
MySQL学习笔记12:数据操纵语言(DML语言)insert update delete
MySQL学习笔记13:数据定义语言(DDL语言)create alter drop
MySQL学习笔记14:常见数据类型
MySQL学习笔记15:常见约束
MySQL学习笔记16:事务控制语言(TCL语言)
MySQL学习笔记17:视图
MySQL学习笔记18:存储过程
MySQL学习笔记19:函数
MySQL学习笔记20:流程控制结构
子查询
含义:出现在其他语句中的select语句,称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句,称为主查询
分类:
按子查询出现的位置:
select后面:
仅仅支持标量子查询
from 后面
支持表子查询
where或having后面 ※
支持标量子查询(单行) √
支持列子查询 (多行) √
支持行子查询(少)
exists后面(相关子查询)
支持表子查询
按结果集的行列数不同:
标量子查询(结果集只有一行一列)
列子查询(结果集有一列多行)
行子查询(结果集有多行多列)
表子查询(结果集一般为多行所列)
一.where或having后面
#1.标量子查询(单行子查询)
#2.列子查询(多行子查询)
#3.行子查询(多列多行)
特点:
①子查询放在小括号内
②子查询一般放在条件右侧
③标量子查询:一般搭配着单行操作符使用
> < >= <= <>
④子查询的执行优先于主查询执行,主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果
列子查询:一般搭配多行操作符使用
in、any/some、all
1.标量子查询
谁的工资比Abel高?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name='Abel' # 里面不加分号
);
查询job_id与141号(employee_id)员工相同,salary比143号员工多的员工姓名,job_id,salary
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id=
(
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141
)
AND salary > (
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143
);
查询公司工资最少的员工的last_name job_id salary
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=
(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
);
查询最低工资大于50号部门员工最低工资的部门 id和其最低工资
SELECT department_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>
(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=50
);
非法使用标量子查询
将上个例子中子查询min(salary)改成salary
2.列子查询(多行子查询)
in/not in(查询语句) 等于列表中的任意一个
any/some 和子查询返回的某一个值比较
# a>any(10,20,30)可以替换成a>min(10,20,30)
all 和子查询返回的所有值比较
# a>all(10,20,30)可以替换成a>max(10,20,30)
返回location_id 是1400 或1700的部门中所有员工姓名
SELECT last_name
FROM employees AS e
LEFT JOIN departments AS d
ON e.`department_id`=d.`department_id`
WHERE location_id IN (1400,1700)
ORDER BY last_name;
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id !=ALL #in等于any都表示任意一个,not in等于!=all
(
SELECT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN (1400,1700)
)
ORDER BY last_name;
返回其他部门中比job_id ='IT PROG' 部门任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id、salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY
(
SELECT salary #加DISTINCT结果也一样
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
)
AND job_id != 'IT_PROG';
返回其他部门中比job_id ='IT PROG' 部门所有工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id、salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL
(
SELECT salary #加DISTINCT结果也一样
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
)
AND job_id != 'IT_PROG';
3.行子查询(多行多列,一行多列)
查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的 员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id =
(
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees
)
AND salary=
(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
# 可以写成
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=
(
SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
FROM employees
)
二.放在select后面(用其他方式代替)
仅仅支持标量子查询
查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT d.*,
(
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees AS e
WHERE e.`department_id`=d.department_id
) AS 个数
FROM departments AS d;
查询员工号=102的部门名
# 用 连接查询
SELECT department_name
FROM employees AS e
INNER JOIN departments AS d
ON e.`department_id`=d.`department_id`
WHERE e.`employee_id`=102;
# 或者
SELECT
(
SELECT department_name
FROM employees AS e
INNER JOIN departments AS d
ON e.`department_id`=d.`department_id`
WHERE e.`employee_id`=102
) AS 部门名;
三.放在from后面
将子查询结果充当一张表,要求必须起别名
# 查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
SELECT ag_dep.*,jg.grade_level
FROM
(
SELECT AVG(salary) AS ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) AS ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades AS jg
ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN jg.`lowest_sal` AND jg.`highest_sal`;
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,grade_level
FROM employees AS e
INNER JOIN job_grades AS jg
ON e.`salary` BETWEEN jg.`lowest_sal` AND jg.`highest_sal`
GROUP BY department_id;
四.放在exists后面(相关子查询)
语法:exists(完整的查询子句)
结果1或0
SELECT EXISTS(
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
); # 返回1
查询有员工的部门名
SELECT department_name
FROM departments AS d
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT last_name
FROM employees AS e
WHERE e.`department_id`=d.`department_id`
);
SELECT department_name
FROM departments AS d
WHERE d.`department_id`
IN
(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
);
查询没有女朋友的男神信息
SELECT boys.*
FROM boys
WHERE boys.`id`
NOT IN
(
SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty
);
# 或
SELECT boys.*
FROM boys
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(
SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty
WHERE boys.`id`=beauty.`boyfriend_id`
);
测试题
1.查询和Zlotkey相同部门的员工姓名和工资
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=
(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
);
2.查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号、姓名和工资
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary>
(
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
);
3.查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工号、姓名和工资、部门号
#连接两个表
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary,e.`department_id`
FROM employees AS e
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT AVG(salary) AS a,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) AS ag_dep
ON ag_dep.department_id = e.`department_id`
WHERE e.`salary`>ag_dep.a;
4.查询和姓名中包含字母u的员工在相同部门的 员工的员工号和姓名
SELECT employee_id,last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN
(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%'
) ;
5.查询在部门的location_id 为1700的部门工作的 员工的员工号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN
(
SELECT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id = 1700
);
6.查询管理者是K_ing的员工姓名和工资
SELECT last_name ,salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN
(
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name='K_ing' # K_ing不是一个人,所以有好几个编号
);
7.查询工资最高的员工的姓名,要求first_name和last_name显示为一列 列名为 姓 名
SELECT CONCAT(first_name,' ',last_name) AS 姓名
FROM employees
WHERE salary=
(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);