爬虫：股票数据Scrapy爬虫实例

功能描述

*技术路线：scrapy

*目标：获取上交所和深交所所有的股票的名称和交易信息

*输出：保存到文件中

数据网站的确定，和之前博客相同：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36949176/article/details/84487150

实例编写：

步骤

步骤1：建立工程和Spider模板

cmd命令

*\>scrapy startproject BaiduStocks
*\>cd BaiduStocks
*\>scrapy genspider stocks baidu.com
*进一步修改spiders/stocks.py文件

步骤2：编写Spider

*配置stocks.py文件

*修改对返回页面的处理

*修改对新增URL爬取请求的处理

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import re


class StocksSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'stocks'
    start_urls = ['http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html']

    def parse(self, response):
        for href in response.css('a::attr(href)').extract():
            try:
                stock=re.findall(r"[s][hz]\d{6}",href)[0]
                url='https://gupiao.baidu.com/stock/'+stock+'.html'
                yield scrapy.Request(url,callback=self.parse_stock)
            except:
                continue
    def parse_stock(self,response):
        infoDict={}
        stockInfo=response.css('.stock-bets')
        name=stockInfo.css('.bets-name').extract()[0]
        keyList=stockInfo.css('dt').extract()
        ValueList=stockInfo.css('dd').extract()
        for i in range(len(keyList)):
            key=re.findall(r'>.*</dt>',keyList[i])[0][1:-5]
            try:
                val=re.findall(r'\d+\.?.*</dd>',valueList[i])[0][0:-5]
            except:
                val='--'
            infoDict[key]=val
        infoDict.update(
            {'股票名称':re.findall('\s.*\(',name)[0].split()[0]+\
             re.findall('\>.*\<',name)[0][1:-1]})
        yield infoDict

步骤3：编写ITEM Pipelines

*配置pipelines.py文件

*定义对爬取项（Scraped Item）的处理类

*配置ITEM_PIPELINES选项

配置和定义类

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


class BaidustocksPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item
class BaidustocksInfoPipeline(object):
    def open_spider(self,spider):
        self.f=open('BaiduStockInfo.txt','w')
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.f.close()
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        try:
            line=str(dict(item))+'\n'
            self.f.write(line)
        except:
            pass
        return item 

我们重新写了并命名了BaidustocksInfoPipeline这个类，然后我们需要修改设置setting的配置文件，将新写的类添加到程序中运行中去，我们在settings.py中找到ITEM_PIPELINES，取消注释并把里面的参数修改为自己重新写的这个类

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'BaiduStocks.pipelines.BaidustocksInfoPipeline': 300,
}

然后我们在stocks.py目录下，打开cmd，执行crawl命令运行程序

scrapy crawl stocks

 运行成功后生成txt文件数据储存在里面如下图所示