Spring框架：基于注解配置Bean（上）

在classpath中扫描组件

•组件扫描(component scanning):  Spring 能够从 classpath 下自动扫描, 侦测和实例化具有特定注解的组件.

•特定组件包括:

–@Component: 基本注解, 标识了一个受 Spring 管理的组件

–@Respository: 标识持久层组件

–@Service: 标识服务层(业务层)组件

–@Controller: 标识表现层组件  

•对于扫描到的组件, Spring 有默认的命名策略: 使用非限定类名, 第一个字母小写. 也可以在注解中通过 value 属性值标识组件的名称

 •<context:include-filter> 和 <context:exclude-filter> 子节点支持多种类型的过滤表达式：

•<context:component-scan> 元素还会自动注册 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 实例, 该实例可以自动装配具有 @Autowired 和 @Resource 、@Inject注解的属性.

举个栗子：

首先我们需要在之前导入的jar包基础上在lib目录下导入spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar包

并把它右键添加到build Path

然后我们新建4个包，包结构如下：

com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation

--com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.controller

--com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.repository

--com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.service

然后新建相应的方法，结构和我给他们的命名如下，其中UserRepository.java为接口，为了学习需要（考虑多种情况吧）

TestObject类：
 

package com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class TestObject {

}

UserController类：

package com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller

public class UserController {
	public void execute(){
		System.out.println("UserController execute...");
	}
}

UserRepository接口

package com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.repository;

public interface UserRepository {
	void save();
}

UserRepositoryImpl类：

package com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.repository;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository("userRepository")
public class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository {

	@Override
	public void save() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("UserRepository Save...");
	}

}

UserService类：

package com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {
	public void add(){
		System.out.println("UserService add...");
	}
}

新建配置文件命名为beans-annotation.xml，需要开启context命名空间

beans-annotation.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 指定Spring IOC容器扫描的包 -->
<!-- 可以通过resource-pattern指定扫描的资源,以repository包下的类为例 -->
<!--  
<context:component-scan 
base-package="com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation"
resource-pattern="repository/*.class">
</context:component-scan>
-->
<!--context:exclude-filter 子节点指定排除哪些指定表达式的组件  -->
<!--type="annotation" 对标注了注解的目标类进行过滤，注解过滤如：org.springframework.stereotype.Repository
	type="assignable" 对继承或者扩展的诶进行过滤，类名过滤如：com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepositor
-->
<context:component-scan 
base-package="com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation"
use-default-filters="false">
<!--  
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/>
-->
<!-- context:include-filter 子节点指定包含哪些表达式的组件，该子节点需要use-default-filters="false"配合使用（默认为true，需要改成false）-->
<!-- 
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/>
 -->
 <!--  
 <context:exclude-filter type="assignable" expression="com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepository"/>
-->
<context:include-filter type="assignable" expression="com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.controller.UserController"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>

Main类：

package com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.controller.UserController;
import com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepository;
import com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.service.UserService;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-annotation.xml");
//		TestObject to=(TestObject)ctx.getBean("testObject");
//		System.out.println(to);
		UserController userController=(UserController)ctx.getBean("userController");
		System.out.println(userController);
//		UserService userService=(UserService)ctx.getBean("userService");
//		System.out.println(userService);
//		UserRepository userRepository=(UserRepository)ctx.getBean("userRepository");
//		System.out.println(userRepository);
	}

}

结合XML配置文件和主类（测试类）的注释情况来看，运行结果为：

一月 17, 2019 7:35:07 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@ffa5d: startup date [Thu Jan 17 19:35:07 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
一月 17, 2019 7:35:07 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [beans-annotation.xml]
com.yorkmass.spring.beans.annotation.controller.UserController@e67e0a