Linux常用命令 速查 & 速记

在刚学习Linux的过程中,掌握这些常用命令,可以极大的提高日常工作使用效率, 但在刚学习的过程中,一次性记住这些常用命令, 实在是非常人所能做到的,主要是通过在日常的使用过程中,多加使用,加以消化理解记忆.
坚持一段时间后,就会发现这百来个常用命令,便可信手拈来…
特将这些命令分类,供大家在初始学习的时候,查询使用.

1. File Commands

• ls -list catalog
• ls -al -a all file(include hidden file) -l format detailed information
• cd dir -change directory to dir
• pwd -show current dir
• mkdir dir -create new dir
• rm file -delete file
• rm -r dir -delete directory
• rm -rf dir -force to delete directory
• cp file1 file2 -copy file1 to file2
• cp -r dir1 dir2 -copy dir1 to dir2,if not exist,create it
• mv file1 file2 move || rename file1 to file2,if exist,move file1 to file2
• ln -s file link -create symbol link to file
• touch file -create new file
• cat > file -add standard input to file
• more file -view content in file
• head file -look at the first 10 lines of file
• tail file -look at the last 10 lines of file

2. Process Management

• ps --show current activity process
• top --show all running processes
• kill pid --kill process id pid
• killall proc --kill all processess named “proc *”
• bg --list the jobs that have stopped or backstage work
• fg --bring the latest work to the front
• fg n --bring work N to front

3. File Permission

• chmod octal file -change file permission

  • eg:
    • 4 -read(\r)
    • 2 -write(w)
    • 1 -execute(x)

• chmod 777 - add read, write, execute permission for all user

• chmod 755 - add rwx permission for owner,add rx permission for group and other users.

3. SSH

• ssh user@host -connect to host with user identify
• ssh -p port user@host -connect to host with user at port
• ssh-copy-id user@host -add secret key to host login without password

4. Search

• grep pattern file --search for content of pattern in file
• grep -r pattern dir --recursive search for content of pattern in dir
• command | grep pattern – search for content of pattern in output pattern

5. System Information

• date --show current date and time

• cal --show current calendar

• uptime --show when the system is running from start to run

• w – show login user

• whoami --show current user name

• finger user --show user relevant information

• uname -a --show kernel information

• cat /proc/cpuinfo – show cpu information

• cat /proc/meminfo --show memory informtion

• man command --show command instruction manual

• df --show disk occupancy

• du --show directory space occupancy

• free --show memory and swap area occupancy

  Get more detailed infromation http://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-filesystem.html

6. Compress

• tar cf file.tar files – create tar file ’ file.tar’ including ‘files’
• tar xf file.tar --extracting files from file.tar
• tar czf file.tar.gz files --create compress tar file by Gzip
• tar xzf file.tar.gz --extracting tar file frome file.tar.gz
• tar cjf file.tar.bz2 --create compress tar file by Bzip2
• tar xjf file.tar.bz2 --extracting tar file
• gzip file --compress file && named file.gz
• gzip -d file --extracting file
  
  

7. Network

• ping host --ping host && show result
• whois domain – get domwain’s whois information
• dig domain -get domain’s DNS infromation
• dig -x host --reverse query host
• wget file – download file
• wget -c file – broken point and continue download

8. Install

• deal with binary package

	1. ./configure
	2. make
	3. make install

• installation package(Debian)

	1. dpkg -i pkg.deb

• installation package(RPM)

	1. rpm -Uvh pag.rpm

9. Shortcut key

• Ctrl + C --stop current command
• Ctrl + Z --stop current command and use fg recover
• Ctrl + D – log off current reply ,similar to exit
• Ctrl + W --delete words in current line
• Ctrl + U --delete the whole line
• !! --repeat last command
• exit --log off this reply