带你一次性搞懂软件构造中的访问者模式

Visitor模式

数据结构与处理被分离开来，其类图如下

登场的角色：

• Visitor(访问者)
  访问者接口，声明了visit接口

• ConcreteVisitor（具体的访问者）
  Visitor的具体实现

• Element（元素）
  Element角色表示Visitor角色的访问对象

• ConcreteElement
  实现Element角色所定义的接口

• ObjectStructure（对象结构）
  ObjectStructure负责处理Element角色的集合。

Visitor模式的一个实例

下面是各个类的说明

名字	说明
Visitor	表示访问者的抽象类
Element	表示元素类的接口
ListVisitor	Visitor的实现类
Entry	实现了 Element接口
File	表示文件的类
Directory	表示文件夹的类
FileTreatmentException	新建的异常类
Mian	测试类

uml类图（只含继承，实现关系）

uml类图

Visitor类

package xin.ajay.visitor;

public abstract class Visitor {
    public abstract void visit(File file);
    public abstract void visit(Directory directory);

}

Element接口

package xin.ajay.visitor;

public interface Element {
    public abstract void accept(Visitor v);
}

ListVisitor类

package xin.ajay.visitor;

import java.util.Iterator;

public class ListVisitor extends Visitor {
    private String currentdir="";

    @Override
    public void visit(File file) {
        System.out.println(currentdir + "/" +file);
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Directory directory) {
        System.out.println(currentdir + "/" +directory);
        String savedir = currentdir;

        currentdir = currentdir + "/" + directory.getName();

        Iterator<Entry> iterator = directory.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Entry entry = (Entry) iterator.next();
            entry.accept(this);
        }

        currentdir =savedir;

    }
}

Entry类

package xin.ajay.visitor;

import java.util.Iterator;

public abstract class Entry implements Element{
    public abstract String getName();

    public abstract int getSize();

    public Entry add(Entry entry) throws FileTreatmentException {
        throw new FileTreatmentException();
    }

    public Iterator iterator() throws FileTreatmentException{
        throw new FileTreatmentException();
    }

    public String toString(){
        return getName() + " (" +getSize() + ")";
    }

}

File类

package xin.ajay.visitor;

public class File extends Entry {
    private String name;
    private int size;

    public File(String name,int size){
        this.name = name;
        this.size = size;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public void accept(Visitor v) {
        v.visit(this);

    }
}

Directory类

package xin.ajay.visitor;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class Directory extends Entry {
    private String name;
    private List<Entry> dir = new ArrayList<>();

    public Directory(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

    public int getSize(){
        int size = 0;
        Iterator<Entry> iterator = dir.iterator();

        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Entry entry = (Entry)iterator.next();
            size += entry.getSize();
        }
        return size;

    }

    public Entry add(Entry entry){
        dir.add(entry);
        return this;
    }

    public Iterator<Entry> iterator(){
        return dir.iterator();
    }

    @Override
    public void accept(Visitor v) {
        v.visit(this);
    }
}

FileTreatmentException类

package xin.ajay.visitor;

public class FileTreatmentException extends RuntimeException {
    public FileTreatmentException(){

    }

    public FileTreatmentException(String msg){
        super(msg);
    }
}

Main

package xin.ajay.visitor;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    /*
    --|root
    ----|bin
    ------|vi
    ------|latex
    ----|tmp
    ----|usr

    -------------------------------------------
    --|root
    ----|bin
    ------|vi
    ------|latex
    ----|tmp
    ----|usr
    ------|yuki
    --------|diary.html
    --------|Composite.java
    ------|hanako
    --------|memo.tex
    ------|tomura
    --------|game.doc
    --------|iunk.mail
     */

        System.out.println("Making root entries...");
        Directory root = new Directory("root");
        Directory bin = new Directory("bin");
        Directory tmp = new Directory("tmp");
        Directory usr = new Directory("usr");

        root.add(bin);
        root.add(tmp);
        root.add(usr);

        bin.add(new File("vi",100));
        bin.add(new File("latex",200));

        //访问者
        root.accept(new ListVisitor());

        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("Making user entries...");

        Directory yuki = new Directory("yuki");
        yuki.add(new File("diary.html", 10));
        yuki.add(new File("Composite.java",20));

        Directory hanako = new Directory("hanako");
        hanako.add(new File("memo.tex",11));

        Directory tomura = new Directory("tomura");
        tomura.add(new File("game.doc",12));
        tomura.add(new File("iunl.mail",13));

        usr.add(yuki);
        usr.add(hanako);
        usr.add(tomura);

        root.accept(new ListVisitor());

    }
}