1.rabbitmq的介绍与安装
介绍:
rabbitmq是一种消息中间件的实现,abbitmq 使用的是一种叫做 AMQP 的协议来通信,基于 erlang 语言开发。
消息交互过程:Rabbit 拿到消息之后,会先交给 交换机 (Exchange), 然后交换机再根据预先设定的不同绑定( Bindings )策略,来确定要发给哪个队列。
RabbitMQ提供了四种Exchange模式:fanout,direct,topic,header 。
fanout 模式:fanout 模式就是广播模式,消息来了,会发给所有的队列。
Direct 模式:Direct 模式就是指定队列模式, 消息来了,只发给指定的 Queue, 其他Queue 都收不到。
Topic 模式:主题模式,注意这里的主题模式,和 ActivityMQ 里的不一样。 ActivityMQ 里的主题,更像是广播模式。那么这里的主题模式是什么意思呢? 如图所示消息来源有: 美国新闻,美国天气,欧洲新闻,欧洲天气。
如果你想看 美国主题: 那么就会收到 美国新闻,美国天气。
如果你想看 新闻主题: 那么就会收到 美国新闻,欧洲新闻。
如果你想看 天气主题: 那么就会收到 美国天气,欧洲天气。
如果你想看 欧洲主题: 那么就会收到 欧洲新闻,欧洲天气。
安装:
下载erlang,https://www.erlang.org/downloads
选择适合的操作系统下载如windows,下载完后进行安装,配置环境变量与其它语言一样,将下载好的sbin设置为自己path路径即可
cmd输入erl后如下即安装成功
安装rabbitmq,从官网下载对应操作系统的rabbitmq安装https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html
进入到bin文件夹下,rabbitmq-plugins.bat enable rabbitmq_management即可配置成功
切换成管理员权限或者任务管理器中服务重启rabbitmq即成功启动
输入账号名/密码:guest/guest即可登录成功
2.RABBITMQ - FANOUT 模式代码(代码来源how2j学习网)
pom.xml 提供rabbitmq和hutoo的jar
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.how2j</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>rabbitmq</name>
<description>rabbitmq</description>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>3.6.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>4.3.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
RabbitMQUtil 判断服务启动
package cn.how2j;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import cn.hutool.core.util.NetUtil;
public class RabbitMQUtil {
public static void main(String[] args) {
checkServer();
}
public static void checkServer() {
if(NetUtil.isUsableLocalPort(15672)) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "RabbitMQ 服务器未启动 ");
System.exit(1);
}
}
}
TestProducer 模拟发送消息
package cn.how2j;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
/**
* 消息生成者
*/
public class TestProducer {
public final static String EXCHANGE_NAME="fanout_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
RabbitMQUtil.checkServer();
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ相关信息
factory.setHost("localhost");
//创建一个新的连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
String message = "direct 消息 " +i;
//发送消息到队列中
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println("发送消息: " + message);
}
//关闭通道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
TestDriectCustomer模拟接受消息
package cn.how2j;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import cn.hutool.core.util.RandomUtil;
public class TestCustomer {
public final static String EXCHANGE_NAME="fanout_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//为当前消费者取随机名
String name = "consumer-"+ RandomUtil.randomString(5);
//判断服务器是否启动
RabbitMQUtil.checkServer();
// 创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ地址
factory.setHost("localhost");
//创建一个新的连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//交换机声明(参数为:交换机名称;交换机类型)
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout");
//获取一个临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//队列与交换机绑定(参数为:队列名称;交换机名称;routingKey忽略)
channel.queueBind(queueName,EXCHANGE_NAME,"");
System.out.println(name +" 等待接受消息");
//DefaultConsumer类实现了Consumer接口,通过传入一个频道,
// 告诉服务器我们需要那个频道的消息,如果频道中有消息,就会执行回调函数handleDelivery
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(name + " 接收到消息 '" + message + "'");
}
};
//自动回复队列应答 -- RabbitMQ中的消息确认机制
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
先启动接收消息的TestDriectCustomer,再启动发送消息,观察rabbitmq的变化
3.RABBITMQ - DIRECT 模式代码(更改如下两处即可)
发送消息TestDriectProducer
package cn.how2j;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
/**
* 消息生成者
*/
public class TestDriectProducer {
public final static String QUEUE_NAME="direct_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
RabbitMQUtil.checkServer();
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ相关信息
factory.setHost("localhost");
//创建一个新的连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
String message = "direct 消息 " +i;
//发送消息到队列中
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println("发送消息: " + message);
}
//关闭通道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
接受消息TestDriectCustomer
package cn.how2j;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import cn.hutool.core.util.RandomUtil;
public class TestDriectCustomer {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "direct_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//为当前消费者取随机名
String name = "consumer-"+ RandomUtil.randomString(5);
//判断服务器是否启动
RabbitMQUtil.checkServer();
// 创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ地址
factory.setHost("localhost");
//创建一个新的连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明要关注的队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, true, null);
System.out.println(name +" 等待接受消息");
//DefaultConsumer类实现了Consumer接口,通过传入一个频道,
// 告诉服务器我们需要那个频道的消息,如果频道中有消息,就会执行回调函数handleDelivery
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(name + " 接收到消息 '" + message + "'");
}
};
//自动回复队列应答 -- RabbitMQ中的消息确认机制
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
分别运行两个接受的客户,然后发送消息
4.RABBITMQ - TOPIC 模式代码
TestProducer(分别在 四个路由:“usa.news”, “usa.weather”, “europe.news”, “europe.weather” 上发布 “美国新闻”, “美国天气”, “欧洲新闻”, “欧洲天气”.)
package cn.how2j;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
/**
* 消息生成者
*/
public class TestProducer {
public final static String EXCHANGE_NAME="topics_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
RabbitMQUtil.checkServer();
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ相关信息
factory.setHost("localhost");
//创建一个新的连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String[] routing_keys = new String[] { "usa.news", "usa.weather",
"europe.news", "europe.weather" };
String[] messages = new String[] { "美国新闻", "美国天气",
"欧洲新闻", "欧洲天气" };
for (int i = 0; i < routing_keys.length; i++) {
String routingKey = routing_keys[i];
String message = messages[i];
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey, null, message
.getBytes());
System.out.printf("发送消息到路由:%s, 内容是: %s%n ", routingKey,message);
}
//关闭通道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
TestCustomer4USA(专门用于接受 usa.* 消息)
package cn.how2j;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import cn.hutool.core.util.RandomUtil;
public class TestCustomer4USA {
public final static String EXCHANGE_NAME="topics_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//为当前消费者取名称
String name = "consumer-usa";
//判断服务器是否启动
RabbitMQUtil.checkServer();
// 创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ地址
factory.setHost("localhost");
//创建一个新的连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//交换机声明(参数为:交换机名称;交换机类型)
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"topic");
//获取一个临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//接受 USA 信息
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "usa.*");
System.out.println(name +" 等待接受消息");
//DefaultConsumer类实现了Consumer接口,通过传入一个频道,
// 告诉服务器我们需要那个频道的消息,如果频道中有消息,就会执行回调函数handleDelivery
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(name + " 接收到消息 '" + message + "'");
}
};
//自动回复队列应答 -- RabbitMQ中的消息确认机制
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
TestCustomer4News(专门用于接受 *.news 消息)
package cn.how2j;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import cn.hutool.core.util.RandomUtil;
public class TestCustomer4News {
public final static String EXCHANGE_NAME="topics_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//为当前消费者取名称
String name = "consumer-news";
//判断服务器是否启动
RabbitMQUtil.checkServer();
// 创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ地址
factory.setHost("localhost");
//创建一个新的连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//交换机声明(参数为:交换机名称;交换机类型)
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"topic");
//获取一个临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//接受 USA 信息
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.news");
System.out.println(name +" 等待接受消息");
//DefaultConsumer类实现了Consumer接口,通过传入一个频道,
// 告诉服务器我们需要那个频道的消息,如果频道中有消息,就会执行回调函数handleDelivery
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(name + " 接收到消息 '" + message + "'");
}
};
//自动回复队列应答 -- RabbitMQ中的消息确认机制
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}