什么是死锁
- 多个线程同时被阻塞,它们中的一个或者全部都在等待某个资源被释放.由于线程被无限期地阻塞,因此程序不能正常运行
死锁产生的原因
- 要产生死锁,必须同时满足以下四个条件
- 互斥条件:多个线程同时被阻塞,它们中的一个或者全部都在等待某个资源被释放.由于线程被无限期地阻塞,因此程序不能正常运行
- 不剥夺条件:进程所获得的资源在未使用完毕之前,不能被其他进程强行夺走,即只能由获得该资源的线程自己来释放(只能是主动释放).
- 请求和保持条件:线程已经保持了至少一个资源,但又提出了新的资源请求,而该资源已被其他线程占有,此时请求线程被阻塞,但对自己已获得的资源保持不放.
- 循环等待条件:存在一种线程资源的循环等待链,链中每一个线程已获得的资源同时被链中下一个线程所请求。
- 哲学家吃饭问题
package com.fs.sync;
public class Demo03DeadLockTest implements Runnable{
public int num = 1;
private static Object o1 = new Object();
private static Object o2 = new Object();
@Override
public void run() {
String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("num = " + num);
if (num == 1) {
synchronized (o1) {
try {
System.out.println(name + "锁住o1并执行了" + "num = " + num);
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(name + " o1执行完了");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (o2) {
try {
System.out.println(name + "锁住o2并执行了" + "num = " + num);
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
if (num == 0) {
synchronized (o2) {
try {
System.out.println(name + "锁住o2并执行了" + "num = " + num);
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(name + " o2执行完了");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (o1) {
try {
System.out.println(name + "锁住o1并执行了" + "num = " + num);
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo03DeadLockTest dl = new Demo03DeadLockTest();
Demo03DeadLockTest dl2 = new Demo03DeadLockTest();
dl.num = 1;
dl2.num = 0;
Thread thread = new Thread(dl, "t1");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(dl2,"t2");
thread.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
自己总结的死锁代码:
public class ThreadBlock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = new String("资源1");
String str2 = new String("资源2");
new Thread(new Lock(str1, str2), "线程1").start();
new Thread(new Lock(str2, str1), "线程2").start();
}
}
class Lock implements Runnable {
private String str1;
private String str2;
public Lock(String str1, String str2) {
super();
this.str1 = str1;
this.str2 = str2;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行");
synchronized (str1) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "锁住"
+ str1);
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (str2) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "锁住" + str2);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}