percona-toolkit的安装和使用

percona-toolkit简介

percona-toolkit是一组高级命令行工具的集合，用来执行各种通过手工执行非常复杂和麻烦的mysql和系统任务，这些任务包括：

检查master和slave数据的一致性

有效地对记录进行归档

查找重复的索引

对服务器信息进行汇总

分析来自日志和tcpdump的查询

当系统出问题的时候收集重要的系统信息
percona-toolkit工具包安装
1.相关依赖包安装
yum install perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-Time* perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5 -y

2.安装percona-toolkit
wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/2.2.20/deb/percona-toolkit_2.2.20-1.tar.gz

tar zxf percona-toolkit_2.2.20-1.tar.gz

cd percona-toolkit-2.2.20/

perl Makefile.PL

make && make install

安装成功！

下面我使用percona-toolkit中的pt-online-schema-change来给一个表增加字段

pt-online-schema-change用处：

ALTER tables without locking them.修改过程中不会造成读写阻塞，用于给大表添加字段。

实现原理：

如果表有外键，除非使用 –alter-foreign-keys-method 指定特定的值，否则工具不予执行。
1 创建一个和你要执行 alter 操作的表一样的空表结构。
2 执行表结构修改，然后从原表中的数据到copy到 表结构修改后的表，
3 在原表上创建触发器将 copy 数据的过程中，在原表的更新操作 更新到新表.
注意:如果表中已经定义了触发器这个工具就不能工作了。
4 copy 完成以后，用rename table 新表代替原表，默认删除原表。

pt-online-schema-change –alter “ADD COLUMN num INT” D=test,t=info –user=test–socket=/tmp/mysql.sock –password=122541 –execute

报错如下：

No slaves found. See –recursion-method if host b0d81312ea9e has slaves.

Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and –check-slave-lag was not specified.

Operation, tries, wait:

analyze_table, 10, 1

copy_rows, 10, 0.25

create_triggers, 10, 1

drop_triggers, 10, 1

swap_tables, 10, 1

update_foreign_keys, 10, 1

Altering test.info…

Creating new table…

Created new table sls._lisa_new OK.

Altering new table…

Altered test.info_new OK.

2016-12-24T08:54:54 Dropping new table…

2016-12-24T08:54:54 Dropped new table OK.

test.info was not altered.

The new table test._info_new does not have a PRIMARY KEY or a unique index which is required for the DELETE trigger.

错误原因：没有给info表创建主键

解决办法：

mysql> alter table info add id int not null primary key auto_increment;

//id列必须是info表中不存在的列。存在会报错。

解决问题后再次添加字段：

pt-online-schema-change –alter “ADD COLUMN num INT” D=test,t=info –user=test –socket=/tmp/mysql.sock –password=122541 –execute

成功了！！！

No slaves found. See –recursion-method if host b0d81312ea9e has slaves.

Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and –check-slave-lag was not specified.

Operation, tries, wait:

analyze_table, 10, 1

copy_rows, 10, 0.25

create_triggers, 10, 1

drop_triggers, 10, 1

swap_tables, 10, 1

update_foreign_keys, 10, 1

Altering test.info…

Creating new table…

Created new table sls._lisa_new OK.

Altering new table…

Altered test._info_new OK.

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Creating triggers…

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Created triggers OK.

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Copying approximately 12 rows…

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Copied rows OK.

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Analyzing new table…

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Swapping tables…

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Swapped original and new tables OK.

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Dropping old table…

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Dropped old table test._info_old OK.

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Dropping triggers…

2016-12-24T09:09:15 Dropped triggers OK.

Successfully altered test.info.