14、子查询

子查询分类

• 放在SELECT后面
  - 仅支持标量子查询

• 放在FROM后面
  - 支持表子查询

• 放在WHERE或HAVING后面
  - 支持标量子查询、列子查询、行子查询

一、WHERE或HAVING后面

1、标量子查询（单行单列子查询）

案例1： 查询谁的工资比Abel高？

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = "Abel"
);

案例2：返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工的姓名、job_id和工资

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 141
) AND salary > (
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 143
);

案例3：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name, job_id和salary

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary = (
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM empoyees
);

案例4：查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资

SELECT department_id, MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary) > (
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 50
);

2、列子查询

特点：返回多行，所以要使用多行比较操作符（IN/NOT IN、ANY|SOME、ALL）

案例1：返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
	SELECT department_id
	FROM departments
	WHERE location_id IN (1400, 1700)
);

案例2：返回其它工种中比job_id为“IT_PROG”工种任一工资低的员工的：工号、姓名、job_id以及salary

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = "IT_PROG"
) AND job_id <> "IT_PROG";

案例3：返回其它部门中比job_id为“IT_PROG”部门所有工资都低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = "IT_PROG"
) AND job_id <> "IT_PROG";

3、行子查询

案例：查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息

SELECT *
FROM employess
WHERE employee_id = (
	SELECT MIN(employee_id)
	FROM employees
) AND salary = (
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id, salary) = (
	SELECT MIN(employee_id), MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

二、SELECT后面

案例1：查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT D.*, (
	SELECT COUNT(*)
	FROM employees AS E
	WHERE E.department_id = D.department_id
	GROUP BY D.department_id
)
FROM  departments AS D;

当然也可以用内连接查询来做：

SELECT D.*, COUNT(*)
FROM employees AS E, departments AS D
WHERE E.department_id = D.department_id
GROUP BY D.department_id; 

案例2：查询员工号为102的部门名

SELECT (
	SELECT department_name
	FROM departments AS D
	WHERE D.department_id = E.department_id
)
FROM employees AS E
WHERE E.employee_id = 102;

三、FROM后面

案例：查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级

SELECT J.grade_level
FROM job_grades AS J, (
	SELECT AVG(salary) AS avg
	FROM employees AS E
	GROUP BY E.department_id	
) AS avg_dep
WHERE avg_dep.avg BETWEEN J.lowest_salary AND J.highest_salary;

四、exists后面

案例1：查询有员工的部门名

SELECT department_name
FROM departments AS D
WHERE EXISTS(
	SELECT *
	FROM employees AS E
	WHERE E.department_id = D.department_id
);

案例2：查询没有女朋友的男神信息

SELECT Bo.*
FROM girls.boys AS Bo
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
	SELECT *
	FROM girls.beauty AS B
	WHERE B.boyfriend_id = Bo.id
);