Linux的shell脚本例子解析

例1–ex1.sh：

#!/bin/sh
#This is to show what a example looks like.
echo "My First Shell!"
echo "This is current directory."
/bin/pwd
echo
echo "This is files."
/bin/ls

执行结果：

My first shell!
This is current directroy.
/test

This is files.
a.sh  a.tar.gz    a.zip  ex1.sh  ex2.info  ex2.sh  ex3.sh  shelldir

例2–ex2.sh：

#!/bin/sh
/bin/date +%F >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
echo "disk info:" >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
/bin/df -h >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
echo >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
echo "online users:" >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
/usr/bin/who | /bin/grep -v root >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
echo "memory info:" >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
/usr/bin/free -m >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
echo >> /test/shelldir/ex2.info
#write root
/usr/bin/write root < /test/shelldir/ex2.info && /bin/rm /test/shelldir/ex2.info
#crontab -e             定时任务
#0 9 * * 1-5 /bin /sh /test/ex2.sh

执行结果:
意思是把上述的所有信息都输出到/test/shelldir/ex2.info 然后定时发送给root 用户

例3–ex3.sh

#!/bin/sh
DATE=`/bin/date +%Y%m%d`   ``为命令替换符
echo "TODAY IS $DATE"
/bin/ls -l $1        $1 $2 $3为占位符，也就是执行该命令的时候要传的参数
/bin/ls -l $2
/bin/ls -l $3

执行结果：sh ex3.sh /usr/local /usr/local/shelldir /usr/local/redis

TODY IS 20180727
total 52
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 26 23:28 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jul 26 23:31 redis
drwxrwxr-x. 6 root root 4096 Jan 13  2015 redis-3.0.3
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 25 04:14 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 26 23:23 software
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 src

例4–ex4.sh：

特殊变量：
$* 这个程序的所有参数
$# 这个程序的参数个数
$$ 这个程序的PID
$! 执行上一个后台命令的PID
$? 执行上一个命令的返回值
$(0~9) 输出几个参数的值

#!/bin/sh
DATE=`/bin/date +%F`
echo "today is $DATE"
echo '$# :' $#
echo '$* :' $*
echo '$? :' $?
echo '$$ :' $$
echo '$0 :' $0

执行结果：

today is 2018-07-27
$#:0
$*:
$?:0
$$:28805
$0:ex4.sh

例5–ex5.sh:

read命令从键盘读入数据，赋给变量。

#!/bin/sh
read f s t
echo "the first is $f"
echo "the second is $s"
echo "the third is $t"

执行时可以加-x参数 跟踪执行进度

例6–ex6.sh:

expr 只能对整数进行运算 + - * /
注意：
1、expr的运算比较用空格间隔开
2、*表示转义字符 乘法
3、保持先算惩处后算加法。如果需要优先运算则需要加命令替换符
4、 也可以对变量进行运算操作

测试命令：使用test命令可以对文件、字符串等进行测试，一般配合控制语句一起使用，不然单独的话看不到结果

if语句的语法格式：
if test -d $1 then … else…
test 可以用[]代替，如 test -d $1 等价于[ ‘空格’-d ‘空格’ $1]

#!/bin/sh
# if test $1 then ... else ... fi
if [ -d $1 ]  test -d 测试是否为目录 $!为占位符
then
    echo "this is a directory!"
else
    echo "this is not a directory!"
fi

例7–ex7.sh

#!/bin/sh
# if test  then ... elif test then ... else ... fi
if [ -d $1 ]
    then
    echo "is a directory!"
elif [ -f $1 ]
    then
    echo "is a file!"
else
    echo "error!"
fi

例8–ex8.sh

#!/bin/sh
# -a -o
if [ $1 -eq $2 -a $1 = 1 ]
    then
    echo "param1 == param2 and param1 = 1"
elif [ $1 -ne $2 -o $1 = 2  ]
    then
    echo  "param1 != param2 or param1 = 2"
else
    echo "others"
fi

-a 为逻辑与 -o为逻辑或

例9–ex9.sh

#!/bin/sh
# for var in [params] do ... done
for var in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
do
    echo "number is $var"
done

例10–ex10.sh

#!/bin/sh
# select var in [params] do ... done
select var in "java" "c++" "php" "linux" "python" "ruby" "c#"
do
    break
done
echo "you selected $var"

例11–ex11.sh

#!/bin/sh
read op
case $op in
        a)
    echo "you selected a";;
        b)
    echo "you selected b";;
    c)
    echo "you selected c";;
    *)
    echo "error"
esac

例12–ex12.sh

#!/bin/sh
#while test do ... done

num=1
sum=0
while [ $num -le 100 ]
do
    sum=`expr $sum + $num`
    num=`expr $num + 1`
done
#sleep 5
echo $sum

例13–ex13.sh

#!/bin/sh
i=0
while [ $i -le 100 ]
do
    i=`expr $i + 1`
    if [ $i -eq 5 -o $i -eq 10 ]
        then continue;
    else
        echo "this number is $i"
    fi

    if [ $i -eq 15 ]
        then break;
        fi
done