C语言 fread()与fwrite()函数说明与示例

函数原型

(1)size_t fread ( void * ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE * stream );

其中，ptr：指向保存结果的指针；size：每个数据类型的大小；count：数据的个数；stream：文件指针

函数返回读取数据的个数。

(2)size_t fwrite ( const void * ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE * stream );

其中，ptr：指向保存数据的指针；size：每个数据类型的大小；count：数据的个数；stream：文件指针

函数返回写入数据的个数。

注意事项：

(1)写操作fwrite()后必须关闭流fclose()。

(2)不关闭流的情况下，每次读或写数据后，文件指针都会指向下一个待写或者读数据位置的指针。

写int数据到文件：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
  FILE * pFile;
  int buffer[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
  if((pFile = fopen ("myfile.txt", "wb"))==NULL)
  {
      printf("cant open the file");
      exit(0);
  }
  //可以写多个连续的数据(这里一次写4个)
  fwrite (buffer , sizeof(int), 4, pFile);
  fclose (pFile);
  return 0;
}

读int：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main () {
    FILE * fp;
    int buffer[4];
    if((fp=fopen("myfile.txt","rb"))==NULL)
    {
      printf("cant open the file");
      exit(0);
    }
    if(fread(buffer,sizeof(int),4,fp)!=4)   //可以一次读取
    {
        printf("file read error\n");
        exit(0);
    }

    for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
        printf("%d\n",buffer[i]);
    return 0;
}

写结构体数据到文件：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct{
    int age;
    char name[30];
}people;

int main ()
{
    FILE * pFile;
    int i;
    people per[3];
    per[0].age=20;strcpy(per[0].name,"li");
    per[1].age=18;strcpy(per[1].name,"wang");
    per[2].age=21;strcpy(per[2].name,"zhang");

    if((pFile = fopen ("myfile.txt", "wb"))==NULL)
    {
        printf("cant open the file");
        exit(0);
    }

    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        if(fwrite(&per[i],sizeof(people),1,pFile)!=1)
            printf("file write error\n");
    }
    fclose (pFile);
    return 0;
}

读结构提：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct{
    int age;
    char name[30];
}people;

int main () {
    FILE * fp;
    people per;
    if((fp=fopen("myfile.txt","rb"))==NULL)
    {
      printf("cant open the file");
      exit(0);
    }

    while(fread(&per,sizeof(people),1,fp)==1)   //如果读到数据，就显示；否则退出
    {
        printf("%d %s\n",per.age,per.name);
    }
    return 0;
}

写char类型数据;4096个：

#include "stdafx.h"
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define DATA_SIZE 1024
 
int main()
{
    unsigned char *dataPtr = NULL;
    dataPtr = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(int)*DATA_SIZE); //申请的区域是4096个char，即1024个字的区域
    for(unsigned int i=0;i<DATA_SIZE;i++)
    {
        dataPtr[i] = i; //初始化缓存区
    }
    FILE *fp = fopen("F:\\Labwindows cvi\\test.txt","ab+");
    fwrite(dataPtr,sizeof(char),DATA_SIZE*sizeof(int),fp);
    fclose(fp);      
       free(dataPtr);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

用malloc函数申请区域时是申请的一片char*区域，通过强制类型转换后可装unsigned int 数据

#include "stdafx.h"
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define DATA_SIZE 1024
 
int main()
{
    unsigned char *dataPtr = NULL;
    unsigned int *Ptr = NULL;
    dataPtr = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(int)*DATA_SIZE);
    Ptr = (unsigned int *) dataPtr;
    for(unsigned int i=0;i<DATA_SIZE;i++)
    {
        Ptr[i] = i; 
    }
    FILE *fp = fopen("F:\\Labwindows cvi\\test.txt","ab+");
    fwrite(Ptr,sizeof(unsigned int),DATA_SIZE,fp);
    fclose(fp);
    free(dataPtr);
   system("pause");
    return 0;
}

fread()读数据：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
 
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	FILE *filp = NULL;
	char fileDir[] = "/home/yangzhiyuan/Documents/test.txt"; 
	char dataPtr[] = "Helloworld";
	printf("sizeof(dataPtr) = %ld\n",sizeof(dataPtr));
	filp = fopen(fileDir,"w+");  /* 可读可写，不存在则创建 */
	int writeCnt = fwrite(dataPtr,sizeof(dataPtr),1,filp);  /* 返回值为1 */
	//int writeCnt = fwrite(dataPtr,1,sizeof(dataPtr),filp);  /* 返回值为11 */
	printf("writeCnt = %d\n",writeCnt);
	fclose(filp);
 
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	fp = fopen(fileDir,"r");
	char buffer[256];
	int readCnt = fread(buffer,sizeof(buffer),1,fp);  /* 返回值为0 */
	//int readCnt = fread(buffer,1,sizeof(buffer),fp);  /* 返回值为11 */	
	printf("readCnt = %d\n",readCnt);
	fclose(fp);
	
	printf("%s\n",buffer);
	exit(0);
}

参考该链接：(https://blog.csdn.net/yang2011079080010/article/details/52528261)