C语言实现的简单HTTP程序

C语言实现的HTTP程序

参考<winsock网络编程经络>中讲解web应用http协议的时候，实现的一个简单的http程序，包含一个服务器和一个客户端。
环境是VS2019，代码如下

服务端程序

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS

#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

#define HTTP_DEF_PORT 80
#define HTTP_BUF_SIZE 1024
#define HTTP_FILENAME_LEN 256

/* 定义文件类型对应的 Content-Type */
struct doc_type
{
    char* suffix; /* 文件后缀 */
    char* type;   /* Content-Type */
};

struct doc_type file_type[] =
{
    {"html",    "text/html"  },
    {"gif",     "image/gif"  },
    {"jpeg",    "image/jpeg" },
    { NULL,      NULL        }
};

char* http_res_hdr_tmpl = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nServer: Huiyong's Server <0.1>\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\nConnection: close\r\n"
"Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n";


/**************************************************************************
 *
 * 函数功能: 根据文件后缀查找对应的 Content-Type.
 *
 * 参数说明: [IN] suffix, 文件名后缀;
 *
 * 返 回 值: 成功返回文件对应的 Content-Type, 失败返回 NULL.
 *
 **************************************************************************/
char* http_get_type_by_suffix(const char* suffix)
{
    struct doc_type* type;

    for (type = file_type; type->suffix; type++)
    {
        if (strcmp(type->suffix, suffix) == 0)
            return type->type;
    }

    return NULL;
}

/**************************************************************************
 *
 * 函数功能: 解析请求行, 得到文件名及其后缀. 请求行格式:
 *           [GET http://www.baidu.com:8080/index.html HTTP/1.1]
 *
 * 参数说明: [IN]  buf, 字符串指针数组;
 *           [IN]  buflen, buf 的长度;
 *           [OUT] file_name, 文件名;
 *           [OUT] suffix, 文件名后缀;
 *
 * 返 回 值: void.
 *
 **************************************************************************/
void http_parse_request_cmd(char* buf, int buflen, char* file_name, char* suffix)
{
    int length = 0;
    char* begin, * end, * bias;

    /* 查找 URL 的开始位置 */
    begin = strchr(buf, ' ');
    begin += 1;

    /* 查找 URL 的结束位置 */
    end = strchr(begin, ' ');
    *end = 0;

    bias = strrchr(begin, '/');
    length = end - bias;

    /* 找到文件名的开始位置 */
    if ((*bias == '/') || (*bias == '\\'))
    {
        bias++;
        length--;
    }

    /* 得到文件名 */
    if (length > 0)
    {
        memcpy(file_name, bias, length);
        file_name[length] = 0;

        begin = strchr(file_name, '.');
        if (begin)
            strcpy(suffix, begin + 1);
    }
}


/**************************************************************************
 *
 * 函数功能: 向客户端发送 HTTP 响应.
 *
 * 参数说明: [IN]  buf, 字符串指针数组;
 *           [IN]  buf_len, buf 的长度;
 *
 * 返 回 值: 成功返回非0, 失败返回0.
 *
 **************************************************************************/
int http_send_response(SOCKET soc, char* buf, int buf_len)
{
    int read_len, file_len, hdr_len, send_len;
    char* type;
    char read_buf[HTTP_BUF_SIZE];
    char http_header[HTTP_BUF_SIZE];
    char file_name[HTTP_FILENAME_LEN] = "index.html", suffix[16] = "html";
    FILE* res_file;

    /* 得到文件名和后缀 */
    http_parse_request_cmd(buf, buf_len, file_name, suffix);

    res_file = fopen(file_name, "rb+"); /* 用二进制格式打开文件 */
    if (res_file == NULL)
    {
        printf("[Web] The file [%s] is not existed\n", file_name);
        return 0;
    }

    fseek(res_file, 0, SEEK_END);
    file_len = ftell(res_file);
    fseek(res_file, 0, SEEK_SET);

    type = http_get_type_by_suffix(suffix); /* 文件对应的 Content-Type */
    if (type == NULL)
    {
        printf("[Web] There is not the related content type\n");
        return 0;
    }

    /* 构造 HTTP 首部，并发送 */
    hdr_len = sprintf(http_header, http_res_hdr_tmpl, file_len, type);
    send_len = send(soc, http_header, hdr_len, 0);
    //send_len=1;
    if (send_len == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        fclose(res_file);
        printf("[Web] Fail to send, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        return 0;
    }

    do /* 发送文件, HTTP 的消息体 */
    {
        read_len = fread(read_buf, sizeof(char), HTTP_BUF_SIZE, res_file);

        if (read_len > 0)
        {
            send_len = send(soc, read_buf, read_len, 0);
            file_len -= read_len;
        }
    } while ((read_len > 0) && (file_len > 0));

    fclose(res_file);

    return 1;
}


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    WSADATA wsa_data;
    SOCKET  srv_soc = 0, acpt_soc;  /* socket 句柄 */
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;   /* 服务器地址  */
    struct sockaddr_in from_addr;   /* 客户端地址  */
    char recv_buf[HTTP_BUF_SIZE];
    unsigned short port = HTTP_DEF_PORT;
    int from_len = sizeof(from_addr);
    int result = 0, recv_len;

    if (argc == 2) /* 端口号 */
        port = atoi(argv[1]);

    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsa_data); /* 初始化 WinSock 资源 */

    srv_soc = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); /* 创建 socket */
    if (srv_soc == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        printf("[Web] socket() Fails, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        return -1;
    }

    /* 服务器地址 */
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    result = bind(srv_soc, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
    if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) /* 绑定失败 */
    {
        closesocket(srv_soc);
        printf("[Web] Fail to bind, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        return -1;
    }

    result = listen(srv_soc, SOMAXCONN);
    printf("[Web] The server is running ... ...\n");

    while (1)
    {
        acpt_soc = accept(srv_soc, (struct sockaddr*)&from_addr, &from_len);
        if (acpt_soc == INVALID_SOCKET) /* 接受失败 */
        {
            printf("[Web] Fail to accept, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
            break;
        }

        printf("[Web] Accepted address:[%s], port:[%d]\n",
            inet_ntoa(from_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(from_addr.sin_port));

        recv_len = recv(acpt_soc, recv_buf, HTTP_BUF_SIZE, 0);
        if (recv_len == SOCKET_ERROR) /* 接收失败 */
        {
            closesocket(acpt_soc);
            printf("[Web] Fail to recv, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
            break;
        }

        recv_buf[recv_len] = 0;

        /* 向客户端发送响应数据 */
        result = http_send_response(acpt_soc, recv_buf, recv_len);
        closesocket(acpt_soc);
    }

    closesocket(srv_soc);
    WSACleanup();
    printf("[Web] The server is stopped.\n");

    return 0;
}

客户端程序

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS

#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock2.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")  /* WinSock使用的库函数 */

/* 定义常量 */
#define HTTP_DEF_PORT     80  /* 连接的缺省端口 */
#define HTTP_BUF_SIZE   1024  /* 缓冲区的大小   */
#define HTTP_HOST_LEN    256  /* 主机名长度 */

char* http_req_hdr_tmpl = "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\n"
"Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, */*\r\nAccept-Language: zh-cn\r\n"
"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nHost: %s:%d\r\n"
"User-Agent: Huiyong's Browser <0.1>\r\nConnection: Keep-Alive\r\n\r\n";


/**************************************************************************
 *
 * 函数功能: 解析命令行参数, 分别得到主机名, 端口号和文件名. 命令行格式:
 *           [http://www.baidu.com:8080/index.html]
 *
 * 参数说明: [IN]  buf, 字符串指针数组;
 *           [OUT] host, 保存主机;
 *           [OUT] port, 端口;
 *           [OUT] file_name, 文件名;
 *
 * 返 回 值: void.
 *
 **************************************************************************/
void http_parse_request_url(const char* buf, char* host,
    unsigned short* port, char* file_name)
{
    int length = 0;
    char port_buf[8];
    char* buf_end = (char*)(buf + strlen(buf));
    char* begin, * host_end, * colon, * file;

    /* 查找主机的开始位置 */

    begin = const_cast<char*>(strstr(buf, "//"));
    begin = (begin ? begin + 2 : const_cast<char*>(buf));

    colon = strchr(begin, ':');
    host_end = strchr(begin, '/');

    if (host_end == NULL)
    {
        host_end = buf_end;
    }
    else
    {   /* 得到文件名 */
        file = strrchr(host_end, '/');
        if (file && (file + 1) != buf_end)
            strcpy(file_name, file + 1);
    }
    if (colon) /* 得到端口号 */
    {
        colon++;

        length = host_end - colon;
        memcpy(port_buf, colon, length);
        port_buf[length] = 0;
        *port = atoi(port_buf);

        host_end = colon - 1;
    }

    /* 得到主机信息 */
    length = host_end - begin;
    memcpy(host, begin, length);
    host[length] = 0;
}


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    WSADATA wsa_data;
    SOCKET  http_sock = 0;         /* socket 句柄 */
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;  /* 服务器地址 */
    struct hostent* host_ent;

    int result = 0, send_len;
    char data_buf[HTTP_BUF_SIZE];
    char host[HTTP_HOST_LEN] = "127.0.0.1";
    unsigned short port = HTTP_DEF_PORT;
    unsigned long addr;
    char file_name[HTTP_HOST_LEN] = "index.html";
    char file_nameforsave[HTTP_HOST_LEN] = "index1.html";
    FILE* file_web;

    if (argc != 2)
    {
        printf("[Web] input : %s http://www.test.com[:8080]/index.html", argv[0]);
        return -1;
    }

    http_parse_request_url(argv[1], host, &port, file_name);
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsa_data); /* 初始化 WinSock 资源 */

    addr = inet_addr(host);
    if (addr == INADDR_NONE)
    {
        host_ent = gethostbyname(host);
        if (!host_ent)
        {
            printf("[Web] invalid host\n");
            return -1;
        }

        memcpy(&addr, host_ent->h_addr_list[0], host_ent->h_length);
    }

    /* 服务器地址 */
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = addr;

    http_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); /* 创建 socket */
    result = connect(http_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
    if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) /* 连接失败 */
    {
        closesocket(http_sock);
        printf("[Web] fail to connect, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        return -1;
    }

    /* 发送 HTTP 请求 */
    send_len = sprintf(data_buf, http_req_hdr_tmpl, argv[1], host, port);
    result = send(http_sock, data_buf, send_len, 0);
    if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) /* 发送失败 */
    {
        printf("[Web] fail to send, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        return -1;
    }

    file_web = fopen(file_nameforsave, "a+");

    do /* 接收响应并保存到文件中 */
    {
        result = recv(http_sock, data_buf, HTTP_BUF_SIZE, 0);
        if (result > 0)
        {
            fwrite(data_buf, 1, result, file_web);

            /* 在屏幕上输出 */
            data_buf[result] = 0;
            printf("%s", data_buf);
        }
    } while (result > 0);

    fclose(file_web);
    closesocket(http_sock);
    WSACleanup();

    return 0;
}

运行

1.先运行服务端程序，绑定端口，然后开启监听 在CMD里先切换到exe的目录，然后 输入 服务端程序名.exe 9000,此处服务端程序名换成对应的程序名称.后面的9000端口号，也可以换成别的。

2.再运行客户端程序，同上面一样，切换到exe 的目录，然后输入 客户端程序名.exe http://127.0.0.1:9000/index.html, 此处客户端程序名换成对应的程序名称，后面的http://127.0.0.1:9000/index.html,代表请求的网页路径。

3.在服务器的exe目录下，应创建一个index.html文件，里面可以输入一个正规的html文件。