js的字符串String常用方法总结

为了更好的记忆和理解，特此梳理整理，方便日后查阅。

字符串常用方法：indexOf lastIndexOf concat split slice substr substring includes toLowerCase toUpperCase trim match replace charAt charCodeAt

1. indexOf: 从指定位置开始往后寻找某个子字符串在字符串中首次出现的位置 indexOf(subStr, [start])

        let str = 'I love China love China'
        let subStr = 'love'
        let res = str.indexOf(subStr)
        console.log('res', res); // 2
        let res1 = str.indexOf(subStr, 1)
        console.log('res1', res1); // 2
        let res2 = str.indexOf(subStr, 16)
        console.log('res2', res2); // -1

2.  lastIndexOf: 从指定位置开始往前寻找某个子字符串在字符串中首次出现的位置 lastIndexOf(subStr, [start])

        let str = 'I love China love China'
        let subStr = 'love'
        let res = str.lastIndexOf(subStr)
        console.log('res', res); // 13
        let res1 = str.lastIndexOf(subStr, 1)
        console.log('res1', res1); // -1
        let res2 = str.lastIndexOf(subStr, 8)
        console.log('res2', res2); // 2

3. concat: 字符串拼接，返回新字符串 concat(拼接符，subStr)

        let str = 'I love China'
        let str1 = 'love China'
        let res = str.concat('', str1)
        console.log('res', res);  //       I love Chinalove China
        let res1 = str.concat(' ', str1)
        console.log('res1', res1); //      I love China love China
        let res2 = str.concat('&', str1)
        console.log('res2', res2); //      I love China&love China
        console.log('str==', str); // I love China
        console.log('str1==', str1); // love China

4. split: 利用分隔符将字符串切割转化为数组 split(分隔符)

        let str = 'I love China& love China'
        let res = str.split()
        console.log('res==', res);  // ['I love China& love China']
        let res1 = str.split('')
        console.log('res1==', res1); // ['I', ' ', 'l', 'o', 'v', 'e', ' ', 'C', 'h', 'i', 'n', 'a', '&', ' ', 'l', 'o', 'v', 'e', ' ', 'C', 'h', 'i', 'n', 'a']
        let res2 = str.split(' ')
        console.log('res2==', res2); // ['I', 'love', 'China&', 'love', 'China']
        let res3 = str.split('&')
        console.log('res3==', res3); //  ['I love China', ' love China']
        console.log('str==', str); // I love China& love China

5. slice: 截取字符串的某个部分，返回新字符串 slice(start[,end])  范围：左闭右开

        let str = 'I love China& love China'
        let res = str.slice(3, 8)
        console.log('res==', res);  //ove C
        console.log('str==', str); //I love China& love China

6. substr: 截取字符串的某个部分，返回新字符串 substr(start[,length])

        let str = 'I love China& love China'
        let res = str.substr(3, 8)
        console.log('res==', res);  //ove Chin
        console.log('str==', str); //I love China& love China

7. substring: 截取字符串的某个部分，返回新字符串 substring(start[,end])  范围：左闭右开

        let str = 'I love China& love China'
        let res = str.substring(3, 8)
        console.log('res==', res);  //ove C
        console.log('str==', str); //I love China& love China

8. includes: 检查字符串中是否包含指定的字符串或者字符 返回布尔值

        let str = 'I love China love China'
        let res = str.includes('love')
        console.log('res', res); // true
        let res1 = str.includes('M')
        console.log('res1', res1); // false
        let res2 = str.includes('')
        console.log('res2', res2); // true

9. toLowerCase：把字符串转换为小写

10. toUpperCase: 把字符串转化为大写

11. trim: 从一个字符串的两端删除空白字符

12. match(string|regexp): 根据正则表达式在字符串中搜索匹配项

        
        let str = 'hello world'

        // 只返回第一个匹配结果
        let res = str.match('l')
        console.log(res); // ['l', index: 2, input: 'hello world', groups: undefined]
        console.log(typeof res); // object
        console.log(Array.isArray(res)); // true
        console.log(res[0]); // l
        console.log(res['index']); // 2
        console.log(res['input']); // hello world

        // g表示全局匹配 返回所有的匹配结果
        let res1 = str.match(/l/g)
        console.log(res1); //['l', 'l', 'l']

        // 找不到匹配返回null
        let res2 = str.match('a')
        console.log(res2); //null

13. replace(string|regexp, string):用指定的内容替换掉字符串中的内容， repalce(被替换的内容，要替换的内容)

        let str = 'hello world'
        // 只替换第一个匹配结果
        let res = str.replace('l', 'S')
        console.log(res);  // heSlo world
        console.log(str);  // hello world

        // g表示全局匹配 替换所有的匹配结果
        let res1 = str.replace(/l/g, 'P')
        console.log(res1);  // hePPo worPd
        console.log(str);  // hello world

14.charAt(index): 返回字符串中指定索引位置的内容，若无该索引位置，返回空串

        let str = 'hello world'
        let res = str.charAt(3)
        console.log(res); // l

        let res1 = str.charAt(12)
        console.log(res1); // ''

15.charCodeAt(index): 返回字符串中指定索引位置内容的unicode编码，若无该索引位置，返回NaN

        let str = 'hello world'
        let res = str.charCodeAt(3)
        console.log(res); // 108

        let res1 = str.charCodeAt(12)
        console.log(res1); // NaN