js实现继承

继承方法：

         a. 原型链（prototype chaining）、

          b.call()/apply()、

          c.混合方式（prototype和call()/apply()结合）

         d.对象冒充

// 1. prototype原型链方式：
   function teacher(name){
       this.name = name; 
   }
   teacher.prototype.sayName=function(){
       console.log('name is'+this.name) 
   }

   var teacher1 = new teacher('xiaoming');
    teacher1.sayName();
    // name isxiaoming

    function student(name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    student.prototype=new teacher();
    var student1 = new student('xiaolan');
    student1 .sayName()
    // name isxiaolan


// 2.call()/apply()方法
    function teacher(name,age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sayhi = function(){
            console.log('name'+name+',age'+age)
        }
    }
    function student(){
        var args = arguments;
        teacher.call(this, args[0], args[1]);
        // teacher.apply(this,args)
    }

    var teacher1 = new teacher('xiaoming', 23)
    teacher1.sayhi()
        // namexiaoming,age23
    var student1 = new student('xiaolan', 22)
    student1.sayhi();
        // namexiaolan,age22


// 3.混合方法[prototype, call()/apply()]
    function teacher(name,age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    teacher.prototype.sayName = function(){
     console.log('name:'+this.name)
    }
    teacher.prototype.sayAge = function(){
        console.log('age:'+this.age)
    }

    function student(){
        var args = arguments;
        teacher.call(this, args[0], args[1])
    }

    student.prototype = new teacher();

    var student1 = new student('xiaolan',23);
    student1.sayName();    // name:xiaolan
    student1.sayAge();    // age:23


// 4. 对象冒充
    function Person(name, age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.show = function(){
            console.log(this.name+','+this.age)
        }
    }
    function Student(name, age){
        this.student = Person; // 将Person类的构造函数赋值给this.student
        this.student(name, age); // js中实际上是通过对象冒充来实现继承的
        delete this.student;    // 移除对Person的引用
    }
    
    var s = new Student('xiaoming',18)
    s.show()    // xiaoming,18

    var p = new Person('xiaohua',17);
    p.show()    // xiaohua,17