深入浅出java.io.File

newProxyInstance

已于 2022-12-05 14:32:30 修改

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： java

于 2022-11-09 14:31:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37151886/article/details/127768920

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本文详细介绍了Java中的File类，包括构造函数、文件操作（创建、删除、判断存在）、属性访问（读写执行权限、文件长度、最后修改时间）以及路径处理。通过实例展示了如何创建临时文件、获取文件路径、设置文件权限等，并提供了相关方法的使用示例。

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构造函数

公有

public File(File parent, String child)
public File(String pathname)
public File(String parent, String child)
public File(URI uri)

用法

	File file = new File("D://a.txt");

私有

private File(String child, File parent)
private File(String pathname, int prefixLength)

方法

公有

可读、可写、可执行。

	public boolean canExecute()
	public boolean canRead()
	public boolean canWrite()

创建文件

public boolean createNewFile() throws IOException

创建指定前缀后缀文件

public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix)
public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, File directory)

案例

        File tempFile = File.createTempFile("prefix", "suffix");
        System.out.println(tempFile.getAbsolutePath());
        File dir = new File("D://");
        File tempFile2 = File.createTempFile("prefix", "suffix", dir);
        System.out.println(tempFile2.getAbsolutePath());

输出

C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\prefix3726467976143431355suffix
D:\prefix3154427126601248567suffix

删除文件

public boolean delete()
public void deleteOnExit()

是否存在

public boolean exists()

上次修改

public long lastModified()

文件长度

public long length()

list

public String[] list()
public String[] list(FilenameFilter filter)
public File[] listFiles()
public File[] listFiles(FileFilter filter) 
public File[] listFiles(FilenameFilter filter)
public static File[] listRoots()

创建文件夹

public boolean mkdir()
public boolean mkdirs()

public boolean renameTo(File dest)

public boolean setExecutable(boolean executable)
public boolean setExecutable(boolean executable, boolean ownerOnly)
public boolean setLastModified(long time)
public boolean setReadable(boolean readable)
public boolean setReadable(boolean readable, boolean ownerOnly)
public boolean setReadOnly()
public boolean setWritable(boolean writable)
public boolean setWritable(boolean writable, boolean ownerOnly)

public Path toPath() 
public URI toURI()
public URL toURL() throws MalformedURLException

字段

私有

    private static final long PATH_OFFSET;
    private static final long PREFIX_LENGTH_OFFSET;
    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
	private transient PathStatus status = null;
	private static final FileSystem fs = DefaultFileSystem.getFileSystem();
	private volatile transient Path filePath;

公有

从文件系统中获得分隔符。

    public static final char separatorChar = fs.getSeparator();
    public static final String separator = "" + separatorChar;
    public static final char pathSeparatorChar = fs.getPathSeparator();
    public static final String pathSeparator = "" + pathSeparatorChar;

静态代码块

    static {
        try {
            sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
            PATH_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(
                    File.class.getDeclaredField("path"));
            PREFIX_LENGTH_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(
                    File.class.getDeclaredField("prefixLength"));
            UNSAFE = unsafe;
        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }

枚举

    private static enum PathStatus { INVALID, CHECKED };

内部类

    private static class TempDirectory {
        private TempDirectory() { }

        // temporary directory location
        private static final File tmpdir = new File(AccessController
            .doPrivileged(new GetPropertyAction("java.io.tmpdir")));
        static File location() {
            return tmpdir;
        }

        // file name generation
        private static final SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
        static File generateFile(String prefix, String suffix, File dir)
            throws IOException
        {
            long n = random.nextLong();
            if (n == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
                n = 0;      // corner case
            } else {
                n = Math.abs(n);
            }

            // Use only the file name from the supplied prefix
            prefix = (new File(prefix)).getName();

            String name = prefix + Long.toString(n) + suffix;
            File f = new File(dir, name);
            if (!name.equals(f.getName()) || f.isInvalid()) {
                if (System.getSecurityManager() != null)
                    throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary file");
                else
                    throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary file, " + f);
            }
            return f;
        }
    }