深入浅出java并发编程（atomic）

前言

java.util.concurrent.atomic

包内有哪些类

• AtomicBoolean
• AtomicInteger
• AtomicIntegerArray
• AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater
• AtomicLong
• AtomicLongArray
• AtomicLongFieldUpdater
• AtomicMarkableReference
• AtomicReference
• AtomicReferenceArray
• AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater
• AtomicStampedReference
• DoubleAccumulator
• DoubleAdder
• LongAccumulator
• LongAdder
• Striped64

AtomicLong

快速上手

public class AtomicLongClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AtomicLong a = new AtomicLong(10);
        System.out.println(a.getAndIncrement());
        System.out.println(a.get());
        System.out.println(a.incrementAndGet());
        System.out.println("----");
        System.out.println(a.getAndDecrement());
        System.out.println(a.get());
        System.out.println(a.decrementAndGet());
    }
}

10
11
12
----
12
11
10

总结：Get在前获取旧值，Get在后获取新值。

AtomicLong中的unsafe

    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
    private static final long valueOffset;        

    static {
        try {
            valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                (AtomicLong.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
    }

        unsafe.putOrderedLong(this, valueOffset, newValue);

        return unsafe.getAndSetLong(this, valueOffset, newValue);

        return unsafe.compareAndSwapLong(this, valueOffset, expect, update);

        return unsafe.getAndAddLong(this, valueOffset, 1L);

compareAndSet和weakCompareAndSet

    public final boolean compareAndSet(long expect, long update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapLong(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
    }

    public final boolean weakCompareAndSet(long expect, long update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapLong(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
    }

在1.8版本，两个实现都是调用compareAndSwapLong这一方法，所以没有任何区别。

在1.9以后实现调用weakCompareAndSetLongPlain这一方法。

LongAdder（1.8）

jdk1.8新增LongAdder类

快速上手

源码分析

add

    public void add(long x) {
        Cell[] as; long b, v; int m; Cell a;
        if ((as = cells) != null || !casBase(b = base, b + x)) {
            boolean uncontended = true;
            if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
                (a = as[getProbe() & m]) == null ||
                !(uncontended = a.cas(v = a.value, v + x)))
                longAccumulate(x, null, uncontended);
        }
    }

base字段的cas操作

    final boolean casBase(long cmp, long val) {
        return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASE, cmp, val);
    }

LongAccumulator

Striped64

Unsafe相关操作

    // Unsafe mechanics
    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
    private static final long BASE;
    private static final long CELLSBUSY;
    private static final long PROBE;
    static {
        try {
            UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
            Class<?> sk = Striped64.class;
            //base字段offset
            BASE = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
                (sk.getDeclaredField("base"));
            //cellsBusy字段offset
            CELLSBUSY = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
                (sk.getDeclaredField("cellsBusy"));
           
            Class<?> tk = Thread.class;
            //Thread类threadLocalRandomProbe字段offset
            PROBE = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
                (tk.getDeclaredField("threadLocalRandomProbe"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }

定义一个Cell数组

    transient volatile Cell[] cells;

Cell

    @sun.misc.Contended static final class Cell {
    	//value
        volatile long value;
        //构造函数
        Cell(long x) { value = x; }
        //cas替换val值
        final boolean cas(long cmp, long val) {
            return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, valueOffset, cmp, val);
        }

        // Unsafe mechanics
        private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
        //value字段offset
        private static final long valueOffset;
        
        static {
            try {
                UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
                Class<?> ak = Cell.class;
                valueOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
                    (ak.getDeclaredField("value"));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new Error(e);
            }
        }
    }

Cell类对值的修改是通过cas实现的。