Java通过JDBC进行简单的增删改查（以MySQL为例）

写在前面：

在用JDBC操作数据库时，需要有以下两点知识储备

1、mysql安装配置和基础的sql语句   2、java基础知识

JDBC介绍：

Java 数据库连接，（Java Database Connectivity，简称JDBC）是Java语言中用来规范客户端程序如何来访问数据库的应用程序接口，提供了诸如查询和更新数据库中数据的方法。JDBC也是Sun Microsystems的商标。它JDBC是面向关系型数据库的。简单地说，就是用于执行SQL语句的一类Java API，通过JDBC使得我们可以直接使用Java编程来对关系数据库进行操作。通过封装，可以使开发人员使用纯Java API完成SQL的执行。

开始代码

1、下载并导入mysql连接的依赖包

2、创建一个实体与数据库中的一张表对应

数据库表名：student {字段：id，name,sex,age}

实体类：

public class Student {
        private String Id;
        private String Name;
        private String Sex;
        private String Age;

        Student(String Name, String Sex, String Age) {
            this.Id = null; //default
            this.Name = Name;
            this.Sex = Sex;
            this.Age = Age;
        }

        public String getId() {
            return Id;
        }
        ...//get\set方法...
}

3、获取连接

private static Connection getConn() {
    String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/samp_db";
    String username = "root";
    String password = "";
    Connection conn = null;
    try {
        Class.forName(driver); //classLoader,加载对应驱动
        conn = (Connection) DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return conn;
}

4、对应操作

(1)insert

private static int insert(Student student) {
    Connection conn = getConn();
    int i = 0;
    String sql = "insert into students (Name,Sex,Age) values(?,?,?)";
    PreparedStatement pstmt;
    try {
        pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pstmt.setString(1, student.getName());
        pstmt.setString(2, student.getSex());
        pstmt.setString(3, student.getAge());
        i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return i;
}

 

(2)update

private static int update(Student student) {
    Connection conn = getConn();
    int i = 0;
    String sql = "update students set Age='" + student.getAge() + "' where Name='" + student.getName() + "'";
    PreparedStatement pstmt;
    try {
        pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
        System.out.println("resutl: " + i);
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return i;
}

 

(3)select

以select * from XXX为例。

private static Integer getAll() {
    Connection conn = getConn();
    String sql = "select * from students";
    PreparedStatement pstmt;
    try {
        pstmt = (PreparedStatement)conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
        int col = rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
        System.out.println("============================");
        while (rs.next()) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= col; i++) {
                System.out.print(rs.getString(i) + "\t");
                if ((i == 2) && (rs.getString(i).length() < 8)) {
                    System.out.print("\t");
                }
             }
            System.out.println("");
        }
            System.out.println("============================");
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
}

 

(4)delete

private static int delete(String name) {
    Connection conn = getConn();
    int i = 0;
    String sql = "delete from students where Name='" + name + "'";
    PreparedStatement pstmt;
    try {
        pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
        System.out.println("resutl: " + i);
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return i;
}

5、测试

public static void main(String args[]) {
    JDBCOperation.getAll();
    JDBCOperation.insert(new Student("Achilles", "Male", "14"));
    JDBCOperation.getAll();
    JDBCOperation.update(new Student("Bean", "", "7"));
    JDBCOperation.delete("Achilles");
    JDBCOperation.getAll();
}

至此，JDBC连接mysql数据库并进行操作已经完成了，具体详细知识，小伙伴们可以参照java API进行深入学习！！