OpenStack安装教程

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-11 10:17:43 发布

Chris_ZhangMQ

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-11 10:17:43 发布

阅读量1.5w

点赞数 24

文章标签： openstack kvm 虚拟机云计算

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37279311/article/details/119114048

版权

0、说明

本教程安装QueenS版本的OpenStack，采用all in one的方式安装（即：所有组件均安装在同一个机器上）
本教程亲测可用，已经部署完成
OpenStack官网安装手册：https://docs.openstack.org/install-guide/

1、搭建基础环境

1.1、安装VMWare

使用VMWare16 pro版本，下载地址：https://www.vmware.com/cn/products/workstation-pro/workstation-pro-evaluation.html

1.2、下载CentoOS7

使用CentOS7系统，下载地址：https://www.vmware.com/cn/products/workstation-pro/workstation-pro-evaluation.html

1.3、安装虚拟机

安装教程：https://blog.csdn.net/babyxue/article/details/80970526
虚拟机配置如下：

RAM：大于10GB，否则OpenStack安装完成后，虚拟机运行会卡顿。

ROM：100GB，分两块磁盘，sda用于存放CentOS系统，sdb用于存放LVM（cinder的数据卷）。

网卡：enss33用于虚拟机访问网络，enss37用于OpenStack组件之间的通信（all in one的方式，实际上不需要用到enss37网卡）

2、准备工作

2.1、禁用SELinux

作用：不禁用SELinux可能会导致openstack newton Apache无法启动。

错误如下："Devstack fail to start apache2 -“Address already in use”:“coild not bind to address”

解决方式：配置/etc/selinux/config，关闭SELINUX

[root@controller /]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

2.2、关闭防火墙

作用：免去配置OpenStack各个节点时，需要不断手动开启端口的麻烦。但是在实际生产环境中绝对不允许这样做，这会引起安全问题。

[root@controller ~]# systemctl stop firewalld 
[root@controller ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

2.3、配置网卡

CentOS系统默认使用DHCP（动态主机配置协议）分配网卡IP。此处，建议使用static（静态）网卡IP，因为在VMWare的虚拟机重启之后，虚拟机的网卡IP可能会变化，这就会导致OpenStack其他节点配置的网卡IP无法使用。

查看当前网卡IP

[root@controller /]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.83.139  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.83.255
        inet6 fe80::c62f:bd78:ba20:b81  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:0e:1c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 15733  bytes 10884363 (10.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 11840  bytes 6242032 (5.9 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

配置网卡IP

[root@controller /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=038e74ab-c77d-4f83-b67b-dabde3a03c1d
DEVICE=ens33
#更改的部分
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.83.139
GATEWAY=192.168.83.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DNS1=114.114.114.114

若需要配置第二张网卡enss37，则将上面的NAME、DEVICE更改后，删除UUID，并配置新的IPADDR，即可。

2.4、配置主机名

#设置主机名
[root@controller ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname controller 

#查看设置
[root@controller ~]# hostname 
controller 

#修改hosts文件：controller域名，解析时指向本机的网卡IP
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.83.139 controller

2.5、设置时区

[root@controller ~]# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime cp: overwrite ‘/etc/localtime’? y 
[root@controller ~]# date Tue Jul 20 16:13:44 CST 2021

3、安装软件

注意：安装软件时，如果出现安装失败的情况，可能是因为网络原因导致的。只需要再次执行安装命令即可。

3.1、安装NTP

用于同步各个节点的时间。需要安装Chrony，通常情况下安装在控制器节点，其他节点则同步控制节点的时间，来达到各个节点时间一致的效果。

#安装chrony
[root@controller /]# yum install chrony -y

#配置（可选）
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

#启动软件、设置开机启动
[root@controller /]# systemctl start chronyd.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable chronyd.service

3.2、添加OpenStack软件源

网络上发布的OpenStack存在多个不同版本，eg：Victoria、Queens、Train等。本次使用的时Queens版本。

#添加Queens版本源
[root@controller ~]# yum install centos-release-openstack-queens -y 

#升级软件包
[root@controller ~]# yum upgrade -y

#安装OpenStack Client
[root@controller ~]# yum install python-openstackclient -y

3.3、安装SQL数据库

通常情况下，数据库安装在控制节点上，用于存储OpenStack的数据。

#安装SQL
[root@controller ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server python2-PyMySQL -y

#配置SQL
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf
[mysqld]
#修改为本机的网卡IP
bind-address = 192.168.83.139

default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8

#设置开机自启、启动SQL
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable mariadb.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start mariadb.service

#设置SQL数据库的root账号、密码
[root@controller /]# mysql_secure_installation

3.4、安装消息队列

消息队列服务通常安装在控制器节点上。用于协调服务之间的操作和状态信息。

#安装MQ
[root@controller /]# yum install rabbitmq-server

#设置开机自启、启动MQ
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service

#添加MQ用户，设置密码
[root@controller /]# rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS

#允许openstack用户进行配置、写入和读取访问
[root@controller /]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"

3.5、安装Memcached

Memcached 服务通常安装在控制器节点上。服务的身份服务认证机制使用 Memcached 来缓存token令牌。

#安装
[root@controller /]# yum install memcached python-memcached

#配置
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
#新增controller域名，其他节点可以通过该域名直接访问
OPTIONS="-l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller"

#设置开机自启、启动软件
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable memcached.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start memcached.service

3.6、安装ETCD数据库

用于分布式密钥锁定、存储配置、跟踪服务实时性和其他场景

#安装etcd
[root@controller /]# yum install etcd

#配置etcd：
#ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER, ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS, ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS,ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS设置为控制节点的IP（即：本机的网卡IP）
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
[Member]
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.83.139:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://localhost:2379,http://192.168.83.139:2379"
ETCD_NAME="controller"
[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.83.139:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.83.139:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="controller=http://192.168.83.139:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster-01"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

#设置开机自启、启动软件
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable etcd
[root@controller /]# systemctl start etcd

4、安装OpenStack

注意：本次安装的是Queens版本

4.1、默认密码

本次安装OpenStack所有的组件，均使用默认密码。

Password name	Description
Database password (no variable used)	Root password for the database
`ADMIN_PASS`	Password of user `admin`
`CINDER_DBPASS`	Database password for the Block Storage service
`CINDER_PASS`	Password of Block Storage service user `cinder`
`DASH_DBPASS`	Database password for the Dashboard
`DEMO_PASS`	Password of user `demo`
`GLANCE_DBPASS`	Database password for Image service
`GLANCE_PASS`	Password of Image service user `glance`
`KEYSTONE_DBPASS`	Database password of Identity service
`METADATA_SECRET`	Secret for the metadata proxy
`NEUTRON_DBPASS`	Database password for the Networking service
`NEUTRON_PASS`	Password of Networking service user `neutron`
`NOVA_DBPASS`	Database password for Compute service
`NOVA_PASS`	Password of Compute service user `nova`
`PLACEMENT_PASS`	Password of the Placement service user `placement`
`RABBIT_PASS`	Password of RabbitMQ user `openstack`

4.2、安装Keystone

4.2.1、安装Keystone步骤

作用：用于管理身份验证、授权和服务目录。通过身份验证后，最终用户可以使用他们的身份访问其他 OpenStack 服务。

创建数据库

#登录数据库
[root@controller /]# mysql -u root -p

#创建keystone数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE keystone;

#用户登录授权
#本地登录
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
#远程登录
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';

安装、配置keystone

#安装软件
[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi

#配置keystone.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/keystone/keystone.conf 

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone

[token]
provider = fernet

#填充keystone数据库
[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone

#初始化Fernet密钥库
[root@controller /]# keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
[root@controller /]# keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone

#引导身份服务
[root@controller /]# keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password ADMIN_PASS \
                      --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
                      --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
                      --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
                      --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne

配置Apache HTTP服务

#配置httpd.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName controller

#创建软链接
[root@controller /]# /usr/share/keystone/wsgi-keystone.conf

配置系统环境

[root@controller /]# systemctl enable httpd.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start httpd.service

#配置管理账户
[root@controller /]# export OS_USERNAME=admin \
					 export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS \
					 export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin \
					 export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default \
					 export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default \
					 export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3 \
					 export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

创建域、项目、用户、角色信息

此处创建一个示例域：example

#创建域
[root@controller /]# openstack domain create --description "An Example Domain" example
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | An Example Domain                |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 2f4f80574fd84fe6ba9067228ae0a50c |
| name        | example                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

#创建项目
[root@controller /]# openstack project create --domain default \
  					 --description "Service Project" service
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Service Project                  |
| domain_id   | default                          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 24ac7f19cd944f4cba1d77469b2a73ed |
| is_domain   | False                            |
| name        | service                          |
| parent_id   | default                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建一个demo项目

#创建demo项目
[root@controller /]# openstack project create --domain default \
                     --description "Demo Project" demo
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Demo Project                     |
| domain_id   | default                          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 231ad6e7ebba47d6a1e57e1cc07ae446 |
| is_domain   | False                            |
| name        | demo                             |
| parent_id   | default                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

#创建demo项目的用户
[root@controller /]# openstack user create --domain default \
                     --password-prompt demo
#填入默认密码：DEMO_PASS
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | aeda23aa78f44e859900e22c24817832 |
| name                | demo                             |
| options             | {}                               |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

#创建角色
[root@controller /]# openstack role create user
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| Field     | Value                            |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | None                             |
| id        | 997ce8d05fc143ac97d83fdfb5998552 |
| name      | user                             |
+-----------+----------------------------------+

#为demo项目的用户：demoe，赋予角色：user
[root@controller /]# openstack role add --project demo --user demo user

4.2.2、验证是否成功安装

#取消设置临时OS_AUTH_URL和OS_PASSWORD 环境变量
[root@controller /]# unset OS_AUTH_URL OS_PASSWORD

#
[root@controller /]# openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:35357/v3 \
  --os-project-domain-name Default --os-user-domain-name Default \
  --os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issue
#此处填入的密码为用户demo的密码，默认为DEMO_PASS
Password:
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field      | Value                                                           |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| expires    | 2016-02-12T20:14:07.056119Z                                     |
| id         | gAAAAABWvi7_B8kKQD9wdXac8MoZiQldmjEO643d-e_j-XXq9AmIegIbA7UHGPv |
|            | atnN21qtOMjCFWX7BReJEQnVOAj3nclRQgAYRsfSU_MrsuWb4EDtnjU7HEpoBb4 |
|            | o6ozsA_NmFWEpLeKy0uNn_WeKbAhYygrsmQGA49dclHVnz-OMVLiyM9ws       |
| project_id | 343d245e850143a096806dfaefa9afdc                                |
| user_id    | ac3377633149401296f6c0d92d79dc16                                |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

4.2.3、创建OpenStack客户端脚本

为什么需要使用脚本？

由于之前，配置系统环境时，使用的是export命令，该命令用于临时配置环境变量，当系统重启或者执行export明令的终端关闭后，该环境变量就无法使用了，导致openstack命令无法被执行。

需要创建的脚本如下：

为管理（admin）和演示（demo）项目以及用户创建客户端环境脚本。即：获取相应权限的CLI命令(Command Line Interface)，通过命令的方式进行交互。这两个脚本可以存放在同一个目录中。

admin-openrc

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

demo-openrc

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=DEMO_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

使用脚本的方式

[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc

#请求身份验证令牌
[root@controller /]# openstack token issue
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field      | Value                                                           |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| expires    | 2016-02-12T20:44:35.659723Z                                     |
| id         | gAAAAABWvjYj-Zjfg8WXFaQnUd1DMYTBVrKw4h3fIagi5NoEmh21U72SrRv2trl |
|            | JWFYhLi2_uPR31Igf6A8mH2Rw9kv_bxNo1jbLNPLGzW_u5FC7InFqx0yYtTwa1e |
|            | eq2b0f6-18KZyQhs7F3teAta143kJEWuNEYET-y7u29y0be1_64KYkM7E       |
| project_id | 343d245e850143a096806dfaefa9afdc                                |
| user_id    | ac3377633149401296f6c0d92d79dc16                                |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

4.3、安装Glance

4.3.1、安装Glance步骤

作用：提供发现、注册和检索虚拟机镜像的功能。

创建数据库

#登录数据库
[root@controller /]# mysql -u root -p

#创建glance数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE glance;

#授权
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';

获取管理员的CLI命令
```
[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc
```

创建服务凭证：用户、角色信息，镜像服务端点

#创建glance用户
[root@controller /]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance
#此处使用默认密码：GLANCE_PASS
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | 3f4e777c4062483ab8d9edd7dff829df |
| name                | glance                           |
| options             | {}                               |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

#为glance用户添加角色信息
[root@controller /]# openstack role add --project service --user glance admin

#创建glance服务实例
[root@controller /]# openstack service create --name glance \
                     --description "OpenStack Image" image

+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Image                  |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 8c2c7f1b9b5049ea9e63757b5533e6d2 |
| name        | glance                           |
| type        | image                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建镜像服务的API端点：一共需要创建3种

#public类型
[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     image public http://controller:9292

+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 340be3625e9b4239a6415d034e98aace |
| interface    | public                           |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 8c2c7f1b9b5049ea9e63757b5533e6d2 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://controller:9292           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

#admin类型
[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     image admin http://controller:9292

+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 0c37ed58103f4300a84ff125a539032d |
| interface    | admin                            |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 8c2c7f1b9b5049ea9e63757b5533e6d2 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://controller:9292           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

#internal类型
[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     image internal http://controller:9292

+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | a6e4b153c2ae4c919eccfdbb7dceb5d2 |
| interface    | internal                         |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 8c2c7f1b9b5049ea9e63757b5533e6d2 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://controller:9292           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

安装、配置glance

#安装glance
[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-glance

#配置glance-api.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/glance/glance-api.conf 
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS

[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone

[glance_store]
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/

#配置glance-registry.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS

[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone

#填充lance数据库
[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance

配置环境

开机自启动、启动glance

[root@controller /]# systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service \
                     openstack-glance-registry.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service \
                     openstack-glance-registry.service

4.3.2、验证是否成功安装

使用CirrOS验证 Image 服务是否可用：使用OpenStack 部署一个小型 Linux 映像（eg：cirros-cloud）

[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc

[root@controller /]# wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.4.0/cirros-0.4.0-x86_64-disk.img

[root@controller /]# openstack image create "cirros" \
  --file cirros-0.4.0-x86_64-disk.img \
  --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \
  --public
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Field            | Value                                                |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum         | 133eae9fb1c98f45894a4e60d8736619                     |
| container_format | bare                                                 |
| created_at       | 2015-03-26T16:52:10Z                                 |
| disk_format      | qcow2                                                |
| file             | /v2/images/cc5c6982-4910-471e-b864-1098015901b5/file |
| id               | cc5c6982-4910-471e-b864-1098015901b5                 |
| min_disk         | 0                                                    |
| min_ram          | 0                                                    |
| name             | cirros                                               |
| owner            | ae7a98326b9c455588edd2656d723b9d                     |
| protected        | False                                                |
| schema           | /v2/schemas/image                                    |
| size             | 13200896                                             |
| status           | active                                               |
| tags             |                                                      |
| updated_at       | 2015-03-26T16:52:10Z                                 |
| virtual_size     | None                                                 |
| visibility       | public                                               |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ID                                   | Name   | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| 38047887-61a7-41ea-9b49-27987d5e8bb9 | cirros | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+

4.4、安装Nova

4.4.1、安装、配置控制节点

创建Nova数据库

#进入数据库
[root@controller /]# mysql -u root -p

#创建数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nova_api;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nova;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nova_cell0;

#数据库授权
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';

获取管理员的CLI命令
```
[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc
```

创建计算服务凭证

#创建nova用户
[root@controller /]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt nova
#使用默认密码：NOVA_PASS
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | 8a7dbf5279404537b1c7b86c033620fe |
| name                | nova                             |
| options             | {}                               |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

#为nova用户添加角色
[root@controller /]# openstack role add --project service --user nova admin

#创建nova服务实例
[root@controller /]# openstack service create --name nova \
                     --description "OpenStack Compute" compute

+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Compute                |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 060d59eac51b4594815603d75a00aba2 |
| name        | nova                             |
| type        | compute                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

#创建计算API端点：3种
[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                     |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                      |
| id           | 3c1caa473bfe4390a11e7177894bcc7b          |
| interface    | public                                    |
| region       | RegionOne                                 |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                 |
| service_id   | 060d59eac51b4594815603d75a00aba2          |
| service_name | nova                                      |
| service_type | compute                                   |
| url          | http://controller:8774/v2.1               |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                     |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                      |
| id           | 3c1caa473bfe4390a11e7177894bcc7b          |
| interface    | public                                    |
| region       | RegionOne                                 |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                 |
| service_id   | 060d59eac51b4594815603d75a00aba2          |
| service_name | nova                                      |
| service_type | compute                                   |
| url          | http://controller:8774/v2.1               |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                     |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                      |
| id           | 38f7af91666a47cfb97b4dc790b94424          |
| interface    | admin                                     |
| region       | RegionOne                                 |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                 |
| service_id   | 060d59eac51b4594815603d75a00aba2          |
| service_name | nova                                      |
| service_type | compute                                   |
| url          | http://controller:8774/v2.1               |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+


#创建放置服务用户（placement）
[root@controller /]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt placement
#使用默认密码：PLACEMENT_PASS
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | fa742015a6494a949f67629884fc7ec8 |
| name                | placement                        |
| options             | {}                               |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

#为placement用户添加角色信息
[root@controller /]# openstack role add --project service --user placement admin

#在服务目录中创建Placement API条目
[root@controller /]# openstack service create --name placement --description "Placement API" placement
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Placement API                    |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 2d1a27022e6e4185b86adac4444c495f |
| name        | placement                        |
| type        | placement                        |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

#创建Placement API服务端点：3种
[root@controller /]#  openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement public http://controller:8780
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 2b1b2637908b4137a9c2e0470487cbc0 |
| interface    | public                           |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 2d1a27022e6e4185b86adac4444c495f |
| service_name | placement                        |
| service_type | placement                        |
| url          | http://controller:8780           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement internal http://controller:8780
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 02bcda9a150a4bd7993ff4879df971ab |
| interface    | internal                         |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 2d1a27022e6e4185b86adac4444c495f |
| service_name | placement                        |
| service_type | placement                        |
| url          | http://controller:8780           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement admin http://controller:8780
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 3d71177b9e0f406f98cbff198d74b182 |
| interface    | admin                            |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 2d1a27022e6e4185b86adac4444c495f |
| service_name | placement                        |
| service_type | placement                        |
| url          | http://controller:8780           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

安装、配置Glance服务

#安装Nova服务
[root@controller /]# zypper install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-scheduler \
                     openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-consoleauth \
                     openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-placement-api \
                     iptables

#配置nova.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf 
[DEFAULT]
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata

[api_database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova_api

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova

[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller

[api]
auth_strategy = keystone

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS

[DEFAULT]
my_ip = 10.0.0.11
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver

[vnc]
enabled = true
server_listen = $my_ip
server_proxyclient_address = $my_ip

[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/run/nova

[placement]
os_region_name = RegionOne
project_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
auth_type = password
user_domain_name = Default
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
username = placement
password = PLACEMENT_PASS

#填充Nova-api数据库
[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova

#注册cell0数据库
[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0" nova

#创建cell1单元：此处会生成一个UUID
[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 create_cell --name=cell1 --verbose" nova

#填充nova数据库
[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova

#验证novecell0、cell1是否正确注册
[root@controller /]# nova-manage cell_v2 list_cells
+-------+--------------------------------------+
| Name  | UUID                                 |
+-------+--------------------------------------+
| cell1 | 109e1d4b-536a-40d0-83c6-5f121b82b650 |
| cell0 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 |
+-------+--------------------------------------+

配置环境

#重命名配置文件：将源配置文件拿过来使用
[root@controller /]# mv /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/nova-placement-api.conf.sample /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/nova-placement-api.conf

#重新加载apache服务
[root@controller /]# systemctl reload apache2.service

#开机自启动、启动nova服务
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service \
                     openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
                     openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service \
                     openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
                     openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service

4.4.2、安装、配置计算节点

安装、配置Nova-compute

#安装软件
[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-nova-compute

#配置nova.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
[DEFAULT]
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller

[api]
auth_strategy = keystone

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS

[DEFAULT]
#MANAGEMENT_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS：替换为本机的网卡IP
my_ip = MANAGEMENT_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver

[vnc]
enabled = True
server_listen = 0.0.0.0
server_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
novncproxy_base_url = http://controller:6080/vnc_auto.html

[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp

[placement]
os_region_name = RegionOne
project_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
auth_type = password
user_domain_name = Default
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
username = placement
password = PLACEMENT_PASS

配置环境

#判断VMWware的虚拟机是否开启虚拟加速
[root@controller /]# egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

#若上述命令的输出结果 = 0，则需要执行此步骤（说明未开启虚拟加速，需要配置nova.conf的virt_type ）
[root@controller /]# vim  /etc/nova/nova.conf
[libvirt]
# 默认是KVM
virt_type = qemu

#设置开机自启动、启动nova-compute服务
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service

获取管理员的CLI命令
```
[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc
```

将计算节点添加至cell数据库种

#确认数据库中存在host主机
[root@controller /]# openstack compute service list --service nova-compute
+----+-------+--------------+------+-------+---------+----------------------------+
| ID | Host  | Binary       | Zone | State | Status  | Updated At                 |
+----+-------+--------------+------+-------+---------+----------------------------+
| 1  | node1 | nova-compute | nova | up    | enabled | 2017-04-14T15:30:44.000000 |
+----+-------+--------------+------+-------+---------+----------------------------+

#发现计算主机
[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 discover_hosts --verbose" nova
Found 2 cell mappings.
Skipping cell0 since it does not contain hosts.
Getting compute nodes from cell 'cell1': ad5a5985-a719-4567-98d8-8d148aaae4bc
Found 1 computes in cell: ad5a5985-a719-4567-98d8-8d148aaae4bc
Checking host mapping for compute host 'compute': fe58ddc1-1d65-4f87-9456-bc040dc106b3
Creating host mapping for compute host 'compute': fe58ddc1-1d65-4f87-9456-bc040dc106b3

4.5、安装Neutron

4.5.1、安装、配置控制节点

创建数据库

#进入数据库
[root@controller /]# mysql -u root -p

#创建数据库
MariaDB [(none)] CREATE DATABASE neutron;

#授权
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'localhost' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS';

获取管理员的CLI命令
```
[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc
```

创建服务凭证

#创建Neutron用户
[root@controller /]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutron
#此处使用默认密码：NEUTRON_PASS
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | fdb0f541e28141719b6a43c8944bf1fb |
| name                | neutron                          |
| options             | {}                               |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

#添加Neutron用户的juese
[root@controller /]# openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin

#创建Neutron服务实例
[root@controller /]# openstack service create --name neutron \
                     --description "OpenStack Networking" network
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Networking             |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | f71529314dab4a4d8eca427e701d209e |
| name        | neutron                          |
| type        | network                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建网络服务API端点

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     network public http://controller:9696
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 85d80a6d02fc4b7683f611d7fc1493a3 |
| interface    | public                           |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | f71529314dab4a4d8eca427e701d209e |
| service_name | neutron                          |
| service_type | network                          |
| url          | http://controller:9696           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     network internal http://controller:9696
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 09753b537ac74422a68d2d791cf3714f |
| interface    | internal                         |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | f71529314dab4a4d8eca427e701d209e |
| service_name | neutron                          |
| service_type | network                          |
| url          | http://controller:9696           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
                     network admin http://controller:9696
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 1ee14289c9374dffb5db92a5c112fc4e |
| interface    | admin                            |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | f71529314dab4a4d8eca427e701d209e |
| service_name | neutron                          |
| service_type | network                          |
| url          | http://controller:9696           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

配置网络

此处有两种网络可选：provider networks、self-service networks。本次使用self-service networks。

安装组件

[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 \
                     openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables

配置neutron.conf

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron

[DEFAULT]
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
allow_overlapping_ips = true

[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
auth_strategy = keystone

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS

[DEFAULT]
notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = true
notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = true

[nova]
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp

配置ml2_conf.ini

配置模块化第 2 层 (ML2) 插件

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
[ml2] 
type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan
tenant_network_types = vxlan
mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population
extension_drivers = port_security

[ml2_type_flat]
flat_networks = provider

[ml2_type_vxlan]
vni_ranges = 1:1000

[securitygroup]
enable_ipset = true

配置linuxbridge_agent.ini

配置 Linux 网桥代理

#配置文件
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
[linux_bridge] 
#PROVIDER_INTERFACE_NAME：替换为本机网卡名，eg：ens33
physical_interface_mappings  =  provider:PROVIDER_INTERFACE_NAME

[vxlan] 
enable_vxlan  =  true 
#OVERLAY_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS：替换为本机网卡IP
local_ip  =  OVERLAY_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS 
l2_population  =  true

[securitygroup] 
enable_security_group = true
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver

#验证linux系统内核是否支持网桥筛选器，下面的参数输出值均为1，说明支持。
[root@controller /]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@controller /]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

#（可选）若上述的参数不为1，则需要手动配置/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

配置第三层代理

为自助服务虚拟网络提供路由和 NAT 服务。

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = linuxbridge

配置DHCP代理

为虚拟网络提供 DHCP 服务

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini 
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = linuxbridge
dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
enable_isolated_metadata = true

配置元数据代理

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
nova_metadata_host = controller
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = METADATA_SECRET

配置Compute服务使用Networking服务

即：配置Nova服务使用Neutron服务

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf 
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS
service_metadata_proxy = true
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = METADATA_SECRET

配置环境

#网络服务初始化脚本需要一个符号链接/etc/neutron/plugin.ini，
#指向ML2插件配置文件/etc/neutron/plugins/ML2/ml2conf.ini
[root@controller /]# ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini

#填充数据库
[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf \
  --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron

#重启Nova-API服务
[root@controller /]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service

#配置网络服务开机自启、启动网络服务
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable neutron-server.service \
                     neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service \
                     neutron-metadata-agent.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start neutron-server.service \
                     neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service \
                     neutron-metadata-agent.service
                     
#配置第三层服务开机自启、启动服务
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable neutron-l3-agent.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start neutron-l3-agent.service

4.5.2、安装、配置计算节点

安装组件

[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset

（该步骤可省略）配置通用组件

该步骤可省略，因为all in one安装方式，计算节点和控制节点在同一台主机中，4.5.1中已经配置了neutron.conf文件。因此该步骤可省略。

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
#（注意：使用all in one的安装方式，此处的数据库不可以注释，使用所有节点均在同一台主机中，注释掉会导致网络组件无法使用）
#注释[database]的connection，此处不需要使用数据库
[database]
#connection=mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron

[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
auth_strategy = keystone

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp

（该步骤可省略）配置网络

该步骤可省略，因为all in one安装方式，计算节点和控制节点在同一台主机中，4.5.1中已经配置了linuxbridge_agent.ini文件。因此该步骤可省略。

#配置文件
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
[linux_bridge] 
#PROVIDER_INTERFACE_NAME：替换为本机网卡名，eg：ens33
physical_interface_mappings  =  provider:PROVIDER_INTERFACE_NAME

[vxlan] 
enable_vxlan  =  true 
#OVERLAY_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS：替换为本机网卡IP
local_ip  =  OVERLAY_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS 
l2_population  =  true

[securitygroup] 
enable_security_group = true
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver

#验证linux系统内核是否支持网桥筛选器，下面的参数输出值均为1，说明支持。
[root@controller /]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@controller /]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

#（可选）若上述的参数不为1，则需要手动配置/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

验证网络是否配置好

[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc

#列出加载的扩展以验证neutron-server进程是否成功启动
[root@controller /]# openstack extension list --network
+---------------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------+
| Name                      | Alias                     | Description                |
+---------------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------+
| Default Subnetpools       | default-subnetpools       | Provides ability to mark   |
|                           |                           | and use a subnetpool as    |
|                           |                           | the default                |
| Availability Zone         | availability_zone         | The availability zone      |
......
......

（该步骤可省略）配置Compute服务使用Networking服务

即：配置Nova服务使用Neutron服务

该步骤可省略，因为all in one安装方式，计算节点和控制节点在同一台主机中，4.5.1中已经配置了nova.conf 文件。因此该步骤可省略。

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf 
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS

配置环境

重启、开机自启动

 [root@controller /]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute.service
 [root@controller /]# systemctl enable neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
 [root@controller /]# systemctl start neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service

4.6、安装Horizon

4.6.1、安装Horizon步骤

该组件选用手动安装的方式，不使用source的方式安装

安装dashboard软件

[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-dashboard

配置local_settings

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings
#配置主机名
OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"

#'*'  允许所有主机访问
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', 'two.example.com']

#新增SESSION_ENGINE
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'

#修改原有的CACHES，为下面的部分
CACHES = {
    'default': {
         'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
         'LOCATION': 'controller:11211',
    }
}

OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST

OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True

#修改原有的OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS为：
OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {
    "identity": 3,
    "image": 2,
    "volume": 2,
}

OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = "Default"

OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user"

#（不需要设置）只有在选择网络为provider networks时才需要设置该步骤
OPENSTACK_NEUTRON_NETWORK = {
    ...
    'enable_router': False,
    'enable_quotas': False,
    'enable_distributed_router': False,
    'enable_ha_router': False,
    'enable_lb': False,
    'enable_firewall': False,
    'enable_vpn': False,
    'enable_fip_topology_check': False,
}

#（可选）设置时区
TIME_ZONE = "TIME_ZONE"

配置openstack-dashboard.conf

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/openstack-dashboard.conf 
#新增
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

配置环境

#重启httpd、memcached服务
[root@controller /]# systemctl restart httpd.service memcached.service

4.6.2、验证是否成功安装

在浏览器，登录下面的地址

#方式1：
http://controller/dashboard

#方式2：
http://本机网卡IP/dashboard

登录选项
- domain：default
- username：admin
- password：ADMIN_PASS
结果

4.7、安装Cinder

4.7.1、安装、配置存储节点

安装LVM

[root@controller /]# yum install lvm2 device-mapper-persistent-data

#设置开机自启动
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable lvm2-lvmetad.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start lvm2-lvmetad.service

创建LVM物理卷

注意：此处的sdb，表示的是第二块硬盘。（同理，sda表示第一块硬盘）
```
[root@controller /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created
```

创建 LVM 卷组cinder-volumes：

[root@controller /]# vgcreate cinder-volumes /dev/sdb
Volume group "cinder-volumes" successfully created

配置lvm.conf

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
#设置过滤器，a：接受。 r：拒绝
#下面的filter，只需要选择一个进行配置即可。

#存储节点使用LVM （本教程使用这个）
filter  =  [ "a/sda/", "a/sdb/", "r/.*/"]

#计算节点使用LVM
filter  =  [ "a/sda/", "r/.*/"]

安装cinder组件

[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-cinder targetcli python-keystone

配置cinder.conf

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder

[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
auth_strategy = keystone

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_id = default
user_domain_id = default
project_name = service
username = cinder
password = CINDER_PASS

[DEFAULT]
#配置为本机的网卡IP
my_ip = MANAGEMENT_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS

[lvm]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
volume_group = cinder-volumes
iscsi_protocol = iscsi
iscsi_helper = lioadm

[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = lvm
glance_api_servers = http://controller:9292

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp

配置环境

[root@controller /]# systemctl enable openstack-cinder-volume.service target.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start openstack-cinder-volume.service target.service

4.7.2、安装、配置控制节点

在控制器节点上安装和配置块存储服务.

创建数据库

#进入数据库
[root@controller /]# mysql -u root -p

#创建cinder数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE cinder;

#数据库授权
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder'@'localhost' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'CINDER_DBPASS';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder'@'%' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'CINDER_DBPASS';

创建服务凭证

#获取管理员的CLI命令
[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc

#创建cinde用户
[root@controller /]#openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt cinder
#此处使用默认密码：CINDER_PASS
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | 9d7e33de3e1a498390353819bc7d245d |
| name                | cinder                           |
| options             | {}                               |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

#为cinder用户添角色信息
[root@controller /]# openstack role add --project service --user cinder admin

#创建cinder服务实例
#cinderv2
[root@controller /]# openstack service create --name cinderv2 \
  --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev2
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | eb9fd245bdbc414695952e93f29fe3ac |
| name        | cinderv2                         |
| type        | volumev2                         |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
#cinderv3
[root@controller /]# openstack service create --name cinderv3 \
  --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev3
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | ab3bbbef780845a1a283490d281e7fda |
| name        | cinderv3                         |
| type        | volumev3                         |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建块存储服务API端点

创建v2版本的端点

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  volumev2 public http://controller:8776/v2/%\(project_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 513e73819e14460fb904163f41ef3759         |
| interface    | public                                   |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | eb9fd245bdbc414695952e93f29fe3ac         |
| service_name | cinderv2                                 |
| service_type | volumev2                                 |
| url          | http://controller:8776/v2/%(project_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  volumev2 internal http://controller:8776/v2/%\(project_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 6436a8a23d014cfdb69c586eff146a32         |
| interface    | internal                                 |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | eb9fd245bdbc414695952e93f29fe3ac         |
| service_name | cinderv2                                 |
| service_type | volumev2                                 |
| url          | http://controller:8776/v2/%(project_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  volumev2 admin http://controller:8776/v2/%\(project_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | e652cf84dd334f359ae9b045a2c91d96         |
| interface    | admin                                    |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | eb9fd245bdbc414695952e93f29fe3ac         |
| service_name | cinderv2                                 |
| service_type | volumev2                                 |
| url          | http://controller:8776/v2/%(project_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

创建v3版本的端点

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  volumev3 public http://controller:8776/v3/%\(project_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 03fa2c90153546c295bf30ca86b1344b         |
| interface    | public                                   |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | ab3bbbef780845a1a283490d281e7fda         |
| service_name | cinderv3                                 |
| service_type | volumev3                                 |
| url          | http://controller:8776/v3/%(project_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  volumev3 internal http://controller:8776/v3/%\(project_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 94f684395d1b41068c70e4ecb11364b2         |
| interface    | internal                                 |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | ab3bbbef780845a1a283490d281e7fda         |
| service_name | cinderv3                                 |
| service_type | volumev3                                 |
| url          | http://controller:8776/v3/%(project_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

[root@controller /]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  volumev3 admin http://controller:8776/v3/%\(project_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 4511c28a0f9840c78bacb25f10f62c98         |
| interface    | admin                                    |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | ab3bbbef780845a1a283490d281e7fda         |
| service_name | cinderv3                                 |
| service_type | volumev3                                 |
| url          | http://controller:8776/v3/%(project_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

安装cinder组件

[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-cinder

配置cinder.conf

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder

[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
auth_strategy = keystone
my_ip = 10.0.0.11

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_id = default
user_domain_id = default
project_name = service
username = cinder
password = CINDER_PASS

[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp

填充数据库

[root@controller /]# su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder

配置Nova使用块存储

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf

配置环境

[root@controller /]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service

4.7.3、（可选）安装、配置备份服务

本教程没有安装swift组件，因此可省略此步骤

安装cinder

[root@controller /]# yum install openstack-cinder

配置cinder.conf

[root@controller /]# /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[DEFAULT]
backup_driver = cinder.backup.drivers.swift
#替换SWIFT_URL为；为对象存储服务的 URL
#可通过命令查看具体的替换数值：openstack catalog show object-store
backup_swift_url = SWIFT_URL

配置环境

[root@controller /]# systemctl enable openstack-cinder-backup.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl start openstack-cinder-backup.service

4.7.4、验证是否成功安装

[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc

[root@controller /]# openstack volume service list
#此处未安装swift组件，因此只有存储节点、控制节点
+------------------+------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| Binary           | Host       | Zone | Status  | State | Updated_at                 |
+------------------+------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| cinder-scheduler | controller | nova | enabled | up    | 2016-09-30T02:27:41.000000 |
| cinder-volume    | block@lvm  | nova | enabled | up    | 2016-09-30T02:27:46.000000 |
+------------------+------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+

5、常见问题

1、安装keystone后，执行命令：openstack domain create --description “An Example Domain” example

出现错误：

Failed to discover available identity versions when contacting http://controller:5000/v3. Attempting to parse version from URL.
Unable to establish connection to http://controller:5000/v3/auth/tokens: HTTPConnectionPool(host='controller', port=5000): Max retries exceeded with url: /v3/auth/tokens (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fa20bba02b0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution',))

解决方式：

关闭SELinux，然后使用命令setnforce 0（或者重启系统）

2、配置网卡时，需要注意的事项

配置网络时，需要先使用dhcp，获取虚拟机网卡ip，然后再使用static的方式，配置网卡ip。如果直接使用dhcp的方式，可能会导致该ip无法使用，无法ping通。

3.2、安装OpenStack各个组件时，使用命令： yum install xxxx -y。

出现错误：

Error downloading packages:
  python-dogpile-cache-0.6.2-1.el7.noarch: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
  python-keyring-5.7.1-1.el7.noarch: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
  python-dogpile-core-0.4.1-2.el7.noarch: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
  python-cmd2-0.6.8-8.el7.noarch: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

解决方式：
（1）方式1：再次执行安装命令 yum install python-openstackclient -y
（2）方式2：yum update =》yum install python-openstackclient -y
若还是出现错误：Error downloading packages: lttng-ust-2.10.0-1.el7.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
使用yum clean cache、yum makecache，然后再次进行yum update

4、horizon登录注意事项
地址：http://controller/dashboard
不行的话，换成: http://controller对用的IP地址/dashboard
登录填写的资料：
domain：default
username：admin
password：ADMIN_PASS

5、禁用 SELinux

**否则会出现错误：**the request you have made requires authentication(HTTPConnection 401)

解决方式：

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled 
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

然后setnforce 0（或者重启系统）

6、VMWare挂载磁盘的注意事项
查看挂载：

[root@controller /]# fdisk -l

若新增的磁盘未挂载上，处理方式：

#1、查看当前有的磁盘文件：
[root@controller /]# cd /sys/class/scsi_host/ 

#2、获取当前目录下的所有文件名
[root@controller /]# ls
host0 host1 host2

#3、逐个执行上面文件中出现的文件
[root@controller /]# echo "- - -" >  /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
[root@controller /]# echo "- - -" >  /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
[root@controller /]# echo "- - -" >  /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan

7、重启虚拟机后，无法使用openstack命令

原因：

因为使用export设置环境变量，因此该环境变量只限定于当前执行命令的终端使用。系统关机、开启新的终端均无法使用这个环境变量。

解决方式：

需要运行源文件命令，添加环境变量。

[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc

#admin-openrc文件中的内容
[root@controller /]# vim admin-openrc
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

8、执行openstack volume service list，cinder-volume运行失败

原因：
若，存储节点在操作系统磁盘上使用LVM，则需要将关联的设备添加到过滤器中。

解决方式：
配置存储节点时，需要挂载相应的卷。

#修改配置文件：/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
devices {
...
filter = [ "a/sda/", "a/sdb/", "r/.*/"]
}

9、Nova无法启动

原因：

防火墙阻止访问5672端口

解决方式：

#查看nova-comput日志：发现端口未启用
cat /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log

#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

#重启nova服务
systemctl start libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service

执行安装命令 yum install python-openstackclient -y
（2）方式2：yum update =》yum install python-openstackclient -y
若还是出现错误：Error downloading packages: lttng-ust-2.10.0-1.el7.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
使用yum clean cache、yum makecache，然后再次进行yum update

5、禁用 SELinux

**否则会出现错误：**the request you have made requires authentication(HTTPConnection 401)

解决方式：

[root@controller /]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled 
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

然后setnforce 0（或者重启系统）

6、VMWare挂载磁盘的注意事项
查看挂载：

[root@controller /]# fdisk -l

若新增的磁盘未挂载上，处理方式：

#1、查看当前有的磁盘文件：
[root@controller /]# cd /sys/class/scsi_host/ 

#2、获取当前目录下的所有文件名
[root@controller /]# ls
host0 host1 host2

#3、逐个执行上面文件中出现的文件
[root@controller /]# echo "- - -" >  /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
[root@controller /]# echo "- - -" >  /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
[root@controller /]# echo "- - -" >  /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan

7、重启虚拟机后，无法使用openstack命令

原因：

因为使用export设置环境变量，因此该环境变量只限定于当前执行命令的终端使用。系统关机、开启新的终端均无法使用这个环境变量。

解决方式：

需要运行源文件命令，添加环境变量。

[root@controller /]# . admin-openrc

#admin-openrc文件中的内容
[root@controller /]# vim admin-openrc
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

8、执行openstack volume service list，cinder-volume运行失败

原因：
若，存储节点在操作系统磁盘上使用LVM，则需要将关联的设备添加到过滤器中。

解决方式：
配置存储节点时，需要挂载相应的卷。

#修改配置文件：/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
devices {
...
filter = [ "a/sda/", "a/sdb/", "r/.*/"]
}

9、Nova无法启动

原因：

防火墙阻止访问5672端口

解决方式：

#查看nova-comput日志：发现端口未启用
cat /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log

#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

#重启nova服务
systemctl start libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service

Chris_ZhangMQ

关注

24
点赞
踩
140

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
5
评论
OpenStack安装教程

本教程安装QueenS版本的OpenStack，采用all in one的方式安装（即：所有组件均安装在同一个机器上）OpenStack官网安装手册：https://docs.openstack.org/install-guide/1、搭建基础环境1.1、安装VMWare使用VMWare16 pro版本，下载地址：https://www.vmware.com/cn/products/workstation-pro/workstation-pro-evaluation.html1.2、下载Cento
复制链接

扫一扫