1.动机
- 在软件系统中,经常面临着创建对象的工作;由于需求的变化, 需要创建的对象的具体类型经常变化
- 如何应对这种变化?如何绕过常规的对象创建方法(new),提供一种“封装机制”来避免客户程序和这种“具体对象创建工作”的紧耦合?
2.模式定义
- 定义:定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类
- 功能:Factory Method使得一个类的实例化延迟(目的:解耦, 手段:虚函数)到子类
- 结构:
![请添加图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/6ccba544177f4d47be23f04249d0167b.png)
3.要点总结
- Factory Method模式用于隔离类对象的使用者和具体类型之间的耦合关系
- 面对一个经常变化的具体类型,紧耦合关系(new)会导致软件的脆弱
- Factory Method模式通过面向对象的手法,将所要创建的具体对象工作延迟到子类,从而实现一种扩展(而非更改)的策略,较好地解决了这种紧耦合关系
- Factory Method模式解决“单个对象”的需求变化
4.代码感受
1.代码一
1.FileSplitter.cpp
class ISplitter
{
public:
virtual void split() = 0;
virtual ~ISplitter(){}
};
class BinarySplitter : public ISplitter
{};
class TxtSplitter: public ISplitter
{};
class PictureSplitter: public ISplitter
{};
class VideoSplitter: public ISplitter
{};
2.MainForm.cpp
class MainForm : public Form
{
public:
void Button1_Click()
{
ISplitter* splitter =
new BinarySplitter();
splitter->split();
}
};
2.代码二
1.ISplitterFactory.cpp
class ISplitter
{
public:
virtual void split() = 0;
virtual ~ISplitter(){}
};
class SplitterFactory
{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter() = 0;
virtual ~SplitterFactory(){}
};
2.FileSplitter.cpp
class BinarySplitter : public ISplitter
{};
class TxtSplitter: public ISplitter
{};
class PictureSplitter: public ISplitter
{};
class VideoSplitter: public ISplitter
{};
class BinarySplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory
{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter()
{
return new BinarySplitter();
}
};
class TxtSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory
{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter()
{
return new TxtSplitter();
}
};
class PictureSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory
{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter()
{
return new PictureSplitter();
}
};
class VideoSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory
{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter()
{
return new VideoSplitter();
}
};
3.MainForm.cpp
class MainForm : public Form
{
SplitterFactory* factory;
public:
MainForm(SplitterFactory* factory)
{
this->factory = factory;
}
void Button1_Click()
{
ISplitter* splitter=
factory->CreateSplitter();
splitter->split();
}
};