如何在SpringBoot项目上让接口返回数据脱敏,一个注解即可

吴名氏.

已于 2023-02-20 10:23:39 修改

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分类专栏： Java springboot 文章标签： java spring boot 后端 Powered by 金山文档

于 2023-02-20 09:30:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37284798/article/details/129118284

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文章介绍了一种通过定义数据脱敏注解和自定义Jackson序列化器的方法，来实现接口返回数据中敏感信息的自动脱敏。通过在返回对象的属性上添加注解，配置不同的脱敏策略，避免了重复的手动处理，提高了代码的可维护性和效率。

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1 背景

需求是某些接口返回的信息，涉及到敏感数据的必须进行脱敏操作

2 思路

①要做成可配置多策略的脱敏操作，要不然一个个接口进行脱敏操作，重复的工作量太多，很显然违背了“多写一行算我输”的程序员规范。思来想去，定义数据脱敏注解和数据脱敏逻辑的接口，在返回类上，对需要进行脱敏的属性加上，并指定对应的脱敏策略操作。

②接下来我只需要拦截控制器返回的数据，找到带有脱敏注解的属性操作即可，一开始打算用 @ControllerAdvice 去实现，但发现需要自己去反射类获取注解。当返回对象比较复杂，需要递归去反射，性能一下子就会降低，于是换种思路，我想到平时使用的 @JsonFormat，跟我现在的场景很类似，通过自定义注解跟字段解析器，对字段进行自定义解析，tql。

3 实现代码

3.1自定义数据注解，并可以配置数据脱敏策略：

package com.wkf.workrecord.tools.desensitization;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * 注解类
 * @author wuKeFan
 * @date 2023-02-20 09:36:39
 */

@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface DataMasking {

    DataMaskingFunc maskFunc() default DataMaskingFunc.NO_MASK;

}

3.2 自定义 Serializer，参考 jackson 的 StringSerializer，下面的示例只针对 String 类型进行脱敏

DataMaskingOperation.class:

package com.wkf.workrecord.tools.desensitization;

/**
 * 接口脱敏操作接口类
 * @author wuKeFan
 * @date 2023-02-20 09:37:48
 */
public interface DataMaskingOperation {

    String MASK_CHAR = "*";

    String mask(String content, String maskChar);

}

DataMaskingFunc.class:

package com.wkf.workrecord.tools.desensitization;

import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * 脱敏转换操作枚举类
 * @author wuKeFan
 * @date 2023-02-20 09:38:35
 */
public enum DataMaskingFunc {

    /**
     *  脱敏转换器
     */
    NO_MASK((str, maskChar) -> {
        return str;
    }),
    ALL_MASK((str, maskChar) -> {
        if (StringUtils.hasLength(str)) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
                sb.append(StringUtils.hasLength(maskChar) ? maskChar : DataMaskingOperation.MASK_CHAR);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } else {
            return str;
        }
    });

    private final DataMaskingOperation operation;

    private DataMaskingFunc(DataMaskingOperation operation) {
        this.operation = operation;
    }

    public DataMaskingOperation operation() {
        return this.operation;
    }

}

DataMaskingSerializer.class:

package com.wkf.workrecord.tools.desensitization;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JavaType;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonFormatVisitors.JsonFormatVisitorWrapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsontype.TypeSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.StdScalarSerializer;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * 自定义Serializer
 * @author wuKeFan
 * @date 2023-02-20 09:39:47
 */
public final class DataMaskingSerializer extends StdScalarSerializer<Object> {
    private final DataMaskingOperation operation;

    public DataMaskingSerializer() {
        super(String.class, false);
        this.operation = null;
    }

    public DataMaskingSerializer(DataMaskingOperation operation) {
        super(String.class, false);
        this.operation = operation;
    }


    public boolean isEmpty(SerializerProvider prov, Object value) {
        String str = (String)value;
        return str.isEmpty();
    }

    public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {
        if (Objects.isNull(operation)) {
            String content = DataMaskingFunc.ALL_MASK.operation().mask((String) value, null);
            gen.writeString(content);
        } else {
            String content = operation.mask((String) value, null);
            gen.writeString(content);
        }
    }

    public final void serializeWithType(Object value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider, TypeSerializer typeSer) throws IOException {
        this.serialize(value, gen, provider);
    }

    public JsonNode getSchema(SerializerProvider provider) {
        return this.createSchemaNode("string", true);
    }

    public void acceptJsonFormatVisitor(JsonFormatVisitorWrapper visitor, JavaType typeHint) throws JsonMappingException {
        this.visitStringFormat(visitor, typeHint);
    }
}

3.3 自定义 AnnotationIntrospector，适配我们自定义注解返回相应的 Serializer

package com.wkf.workrecord.tools.desensitization;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.Annotated;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.NopAnnotationIntrospector;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

/**
 * @author wuKeFan
 * @date 2023-02-20 09:43:41
 */
@Slf4j
public class DataMaskingAnnotationIntroSpector extends NopAnnotationIntrospector {

    @Override
    public Object findSerializer(Annotated am) {
        DataMasking annotation = am.getAnnotation(DataMasking.class);
        if (annotation != null) {
            return new DataMaskingSerializer(annotation.maskFunc().operation());
        }
        return null;
    }

}

3.4 覆盖 ObjectMapper：

package com.wkf.workrecord.tools.desensitization;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.AnnotationIntrospector;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.AnnotationIntrospectorPair;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder;

/**
 * 覆盖 ObjectMapper
 * @author wuKeFan
 * @date 2023-02-20 09:44:35
 */
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class DataMaskConfiguration {

    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    @ConditionalOnClass({Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.class})
    static class JacksonObjectMapperConfiguration {
        JacksonObjectMapperConfiguration() {
        }

        @Bean
        @Primary
        ObjectMapper jacksonObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder) {
            ObjectMapper objectMapper = builder.createXmlMapper(false).build();
            AnnotationIntrospector ai = objectMapper.getSerializationConfig().getAnnotationIntrospector();
            AnnotationIntrospector newAi = AnnotationIntrospectorPair.pair(ai, new DataMaskingAnnotationIntroSpector());
            objectMapper.setAnnotationIntrospector(newAi);
            return objectMapper;
        }
    }

}

3.5 返回对象加上注解：

package com.wkf.workrecord.tools.desensitization;

import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 需要脱敏的实体类
 * @author wuKeFan
 * @date 2023-02-20 09:35:52
 */
@Data
public class User implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 主键ID
     */
    private Long id;

    /**
     * 姓名
     */
    @DataMasking(maskFunc = DataMaskingFunc.ALL_MASK)
    private String name;

    /**
     * 年龄
     */
    private Integer age;

    /**
     * 邮箱
     */
    @DataMasking(maskFunc = DataMaskingFunc.ALL_MASK)
    private String email;

}

4 测试

我们写一个Controller测试一下看是不是我们需要的效果

4.1 测试的Controller类DesensitizationController.class如下:

package com.wkf.workrecord.tools.desensitization;

import com.biboheart.brick.model.BhResponseResult;
import com.wkf.workrecord.utils.ResultVOUtils;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * 测试接口脱敏测试控制类
 * @author wuKeFan
 * @date 2022-06-21 17:23
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@RequestMapping("/desensitization/")
public class DesensitizationController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "test", method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST})
    public BhResponseResult<User> test() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setAge(1);
        user.setEmail("123456789@qq.com");
        user.setName("吴名氏");
        user.setId(1L);
        return ResultVOUtils.success(user);
    }

}