ubuntu部署python项目: virtualenv + flask + uwsgi + nginx + python3.6

服务部署

安装python3.6

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在官网下载编译安装包或者直接执行以下命令下载

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz

解压
tar -xvJf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz

进入文件夹并编译安装
cd Python-3.6.2
shell ./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3
make
sudo make install

添加软链到执行目录下/usr/bin
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

安装python虚拟环境及flask

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安装virtualenv
sudo pip install virtualenv

创建项目文件夹
mkdir test

创建并启动虚拟环境
cd test
virtualenv -p /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 venv
source venv/bin/activate

安装flask
pip install flask

创建主程序main.py文件

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=9000)

执行 main.py
python main.py

浏览器访问127.0.0.1:9000或ip:9000，可看到如下页面：

至此，web服务由flask托管，但是在生产环境中应当配置nginx。下面介绍nginx的配置

安装并配置nginx

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安装并测试nginx
sudo apt install nginx
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

此时打开浏览器输入127.0.0.1或127.0.1.1，应该可以看到nginx欢迎页

删除nginx的默认配置文件
sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

为应用创建新的配置文件test.conf

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name localhost;
    charset     utf-8;
    client_max_body_size 75M;

    location / { try_files $uri @test; }
    location @test {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass 0.0.0.0:9000;
    }
}

将新的配置文件链接到nginx配置文件夹下并重启nginx
sudo ln -s test.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

安装并配置uwsgi

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安装uwsgi
pip install uwsgi

创建新uwsgi配置文件test.ini

base = /path/test       # 项目的绝对路径

#python module to import
app = main
module = %(app)

#home = %(base)/venv
pythonpath = %(base)/venv/bin/python3.6

#socket file's location
http-socket = 0.0.0.0:9000

#permissions for the socket file
chmod-socket    = 666
buffer-size = 32781

#the variable that holds a flask application inside the module imported at line #6
callable = app

#location of log files
logto = %(base)/log/uwsgi.log
pidfile = %(base)/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid

创建日志文件夹存放uwsgi日志
mkdir log
mkdir uwsgi

执行uwsgi
uwsgi –ini test.ini
打开浏览器访问127.0.0.1:9000或ip:9000可访问

至此，应用已经由nginx托管，大功告成！

将uwsgi添加为系统服务（可选）

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Ubuntu自带的systemd是最简单的实现方式，可以将项目变为系统服务

首先创建test.service文件
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/test.service

[Unit]
Description=uWSGI instance to serve test
After=network.target

[Service]
[Unit]
Description=uWSGI instance to serve test
After=network.target

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/path/test     
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --ini /path/test/test.ini
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --stop /path/test/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid
ExecReload=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --reload /path/test/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置完后需要reload systemdctl，此时项目已变为系统服务
启动 systemctl start test.service
停止 systemctl stop test.service
重载 systemctl reload test.service

参考博客

1. https://www.oschina.net/translate/serving-flask-with-nginx-on-ubuntu?comments&p=1
2. https://blog.csdn.net/lkh1992/article/details/83540169
3. http://www.jqpress.com/post/509.aspx