C++学习笔记9：用类模板的两个实例——学生成绩管理系统、银行管理系统

程序实例

①用类模板实现学生成绩管理系统👇

将要操作的所有对象构成一个链表，链表中的每个结点元素就是一个对象。定义一个类模板Linklist，数据成员*head表示指向链表的头指针，链表中每个结点元素包含数据域data和指针域next，数据域data是T类型，指针next指向链表中下一个结点元素。
成员函数Inser_Linklist表示插入一个结点元素；成员函数Get_Linklist表示返回第i个结点元素的地址；成员函数Del_Linklist表示删除第i个结点元素；成员函数Print_Linklist表示输出链表中结点元素的值。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
template <class T>
struct Node
{
	T data;
	Node *next;
};
 
template <class T>
class Linklist
{
	private:
		Node<T> *head;
		Node<T> *r;
	public:
		Linklist();
		int Insert_linklist();
		Node<T>* Get_linklist(int i);
		int Del_linklist(int i);
		void Print_linklist();
		~Linklist();
};
 
class Stu
{
	private:
		long no;
		char name[10];
		float score;
	public:
		Stu();
		void Print();
};
 
	template <class T>
Linklist<T>::Linklist()
{
	head = NULL;
	r = head;
}
 
	template <class T>
int Linklist<T>::Insert_linklist()
{
	Node<T> *s = new Node<T>;
	if(s)
	{
		if(head)
		{
			r->next = s;
			r = s;
		}
		else
		{
			head = s;
			r = s;
		}
	}
	if(r)
		r->next = NULL;
	return 1;
}
 
	template <class T>
void Linklist<T>::Print_linklist()
{
	Node<T> *p;
	p = head;
	while(p)
	{
		p->data.Print();
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout <<endl;
}
 
	template <class T>
Node<T> * Linklist<T>::Get_linklist(int i)
{
	Node<T> *p = head;
	int j = 1;
	while(p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		p = p->next;
		j++;
	}
	if(j == i)
		return p;
	else
		return NULL;
}
 
	template <class T>
int Linklist<T>::Del_linklist(int i)
{
	Node<T> *p, *s;
	if(i == 1)
	{
		p = head;
		head = head->next;
		delete p;
		return 1;
	}
	else
	{
		p = Get_linklist(i-1);
		if(p == NULL)
		{
			cout << "Error!" <<endl;
			return -1;
		}
		else if(p->next == NULL)
		{
			cout << "NULL!" <<endl;
			return 1;
		}
		else
		{
			s = p->next;
			p->next = s->next;
			if(!p->next)
				r = p;
			delete s;
			return 1;
		}
	}
}
 
	template <class T>
Linklist<T>::~Linklist()
{
	delete head;
}
 
void menu()
{
	cout <<endl;
	cout << "1......Insert:" <<endl;
	cout << "2......Delete:" <<endl;
	cout << "3......Display:" <<endl;
	cout << "4......Exit:" <<endl;
	cout << "Choice:" <<endl;
}
 
Stu::Stu()
{
	cout << "Input number,name,score:" <<endl;
	cin >>no>>name>>score; 
}
 
void Stu::Print()
{
	cout << no << " " << name << " " << score <<endl;
}
 
int main()
{
	Linklist<Stu> L;
	int n,m = 1;
	while(m)
	{
		menu();
		cin >> n;
		switch(n)
		{
			case 1:
				{
					int success;
					success = L.Insert_linklist();
					if(success == 1)
						cout << "Insert successfully" <<endl;
					else
						cout << "Insert failure" <<endl;
					break;
				}
 
			case 2:
				{
					int i,success;
					cout << "Input sitution" <<endl;
					cin >> i;
					success = L.Del_linklist(i);
					if(success == 1)
						cout << "Delete successfully" <<endl;
					else 
						cout << "Delete failure" <<endl;
					break;
				}
 
			case 3:
				{
					cout << "Infomation:" <<endl;
					L.Print_linklist();
					break;
				}
			case 0: m = 0;
		} 
	}
	return 0;
}

类Stu是类模板要实例化的一个具体类

②用类模板实现银行办公系统👇

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
template <class T>
struct Qnode
{
	T data;
	Qnode *next;
};
 
template <class T>
class Lqueue
{
	private:
		Qnode<T> *front,*rear;
	public:
		Lqueue();
		void In_lqueue();
		int Empty_lqueue();
		int Out_lqueue();
		void Print_lqueue();
		~Lqueue();
};
 
class Customer
{
	private:
		int account;
		int amount;
	public:
		Customer();
		void Print();
};
 
	template <class T>
Lqueue<T>::Lqueue()
{
	rear = NULL;
	front = NULL ;
}
 
	template <class T>
void Lqueue<T>::Print_lqueue()
{
	Qnode<T> *p;
	p = front;
	while(p != NULL)
	{
		p->data.Print();
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout << endl <<endl;
}
 
	template <class T>
void Lqueue<T>::In_lqueue()
{
	Qnode<T> *p;
	p = new Qnode<T>;
	p->next = NULL;
	if(front == 0)
	{
		front = p;
		rear = p;
	}
	else 
	{
		rear->next = p;
		rear = p;
	}
}
 
	template <class T>
int Lqueue<T>::Empty_lqueue()
{
	if(front == NULL && rear == NULL)
		return 1;
	else
		return 0;
}
 
	template <class T>
int Lqueue<T>::Out_lqueue()
{
	Qnode<T> *p;
	if(Empty_lqueue() == 1)
		return 0;
	else 
	{
		p = front;
		front = p->next;
		delete p;
		if(front == NULL)
			rear = front;
		return 1;
	}
}
 
	template <class T>
Lqueue<T>::~Lqueue()
{
	delete rear;
}
 
void menu()
{
	cout <<endl;
	cout << "1......Push" <<endl;
	cout << "2......Show" <<endl;
	cout << "3......Pop" <<endl;
	cout << "0......Exit" <<endl;
	cout << "Choice:" <<endl;
}
 
Customer::Customer()
{
	cout << "Input account and amount:" <<endl;
	cin >>account>>amount;
}
 
void Customer::Print()
{
	cout << account << "  " << amount <<endl;
}
 
int main()
{
	Lqueue<Customer> L;
	int n,m = 1;
	while(m)
	{
		menu();
		cin >> n;
		switch(n)
		{
			case 1:
				{
					L.In_lqueue();
					cout << endl << "Element of Queue:" <<endl;
					L.Print_lqueue();
					break;
				}
 
			case 2:
				{
					int flag;
					flag = L.Empty_lqueue();
					if(flag != 1)
					{
						cout << "Element of Queue:" <<endl;
						L.Print_lqueue();
					}
					else 
						cout << "NULL" <<endl;
					break;
				}
 
			case 3:
				{
					int flag;
					flag = L.Out_lqueue();
					if(flag == 1)
					{
						cout << endl << "Element of Queue:" <<endl;
						L.Print_lqueue();
					}
					else 
						cout << "Empty!" <<endl;
					break;
				}
			case 0: m = 0;
		} 
	}
	return 0;
}

类Customer是类模板Lqueue所实例化的一个具体类