bzoj2815[灾难] 灭绝树 （ 灭绝树上灭绝果，灭绝树下你和我）

灭绝树的定义:

灭绝树上，如果 u 是 v 的父亲 ，如果 u 挂了，那么 v 也要挂 。

怎么构造灭绝树？

拓扑排序+lca

主要的思想：

一个点的前驱的LCA一定是一个数到根的必经点

作用：

找必经点

#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

const int N = 1e5 + 10 ;

struct Edge {
    int nxt , to ;
};

Edge e [ N * 20 ] , t [ N * 20 ] ;
int head [N] , headt [N] ;
int tot , tot1 , n ;

int in [N] , fa [N] [25] , bin [20] , dep [N] , sz [N] ;
vector <int> q , st ;

void addeage ( int u , int v ) {
    ++ tot ;
    e [tot].nxt = head [u] ;
    e [tot].to = v ;
    head [u] = tot ;
    in [v] ++ ;
}

void addeage1 ( int u , int v ) {
    ++ tot1 ;
    t [tot1].nxt = headt [u] ;
    t [tot1].to = v ;
    headt [u] = tot1 ;
}

void dfs ( int u ) {
    sz [u] = 0 ;
    for ( int i = headt [u] ; i ; i = t [i].nxt ) {
        int v = t [i].to ;
        if ( v == fa [u] [0] ) continue ;
        fa [v] [0] = u ;
        dfs ( v ) ;
        sz [u] += sz [v] + 1 ;
    }
}

void pre ( int u ) {
    for ( int i = 1 ; bin [i] <= dep [u] ; ++ i ) {
        fa [u] [i] = fa [ fa [u] [ i - 1 ] ] [ i - 1 ] ;
    }
}
int LCA ( int u , int v ) {
    if ( u == -1 ) return v ;
    if ( dep [u] < dep [v] ) swap ( u , v ) ;
    int t = dep [u] - dep [v] ;
    for ( int i = 0 ; bin [i] <= t ; ++ i )
        if ( t & bin [i] ) u = fa [u] [i] ;
    if ( u == v ) return u ;
    for ( int i = 17 ; i >= 0 ; -- i ) {
        if ( fa [u] [i] != fa [v] [i] ) {
            u = fa [u] [i] ;
            v = fa [v] [i] ;
        }
    }
    return fa [u] [0] ;
}

void top () {
    for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++ i ) 
        if ( ! in [i] ) st.push_back ( i ) ;
    while ( ! st.empty () ) {
        int u = st.back () ;
        st.pop_back () ;
        q.push_back ( u ) ;
        for ( int i = head [u] ; i ; i = e [i].nxt ) {
            int v = e [i].to ;
            in [v] -- ;
            if ( ! in [v] ) st.push_back ( v ) ;
        }
    }   
}

void build () {
    for ( int i = q.size () - 1 ; i >= 0 ; -- i ) {
        int u = q [i] ;
        int fat = -1 ;
        for ( int j = head [u] ; j ; j = e [j].nxt ) 
            fat = LCA ( fat , e [j].to ) ;
        if ( fat == -1 ) fat = 0 ;
        addeage1 ( fat , u ) ;
        dep [u] = dep [fat] + 1 ;
        fa [u] [0] = fat ;
        pre ( u ) ;
    }
}

int main () {
    bin [0] = 1 ;
    for ( int i = 1 ; i < 20 ; ++ i ) bin [i] = bin [ i - 1 ] * 2 ;
    scanf ( "%d" , & n ) ;
    for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++ i ) {
        int x ;
        scanf ( "%d" , & x ) ;
        while ( x != 0 ) {
            addeage ( i , x ) ;
            scanf ( "%d" , & x ) ;
        }
    }   
    top () ;
    build () ;
    dfs ( 0 ) ;
    for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++ i ) 
        printf ( "%d\n" , sz [i] ) ;
    return 0 ;
}