灭绝树的定义:
灭绝树上,如果 u 是 v 的父亲 ,如果 u 挂了,那么 v 也要挂 。
怎么构造灭绝树?
拓扑排序+lca
主要的思想:
一个点的前驱的LCA一定是一个数到根的必经点
作用:
找必经点
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5 + 10 ;
struct Edge {
int nxt , to ;
};
Edge e [ N * 20 ] , t [ N * 20 ] ;
int head [N] , headt [N] ;
int tot , tot1 , n ;
int in [N] , fa [N] [25] , bin [20] , dep [N] , sz [N] ;
vector <int> q , st ;
void addeage ( int u , int v ) {
++ tot ;
e [tot].nxt = head [u] ;
e [tot].to = v ;
head [u] = tot ;
in [v] ++ ;
}
void addeage1 ( int u , int v ) {
++ tot1 ;
t [tot1].nxt = headt [u] ;
t [tot1].to = v ;
headt [u] = tot1 ;
}
void dfs ( int u ) {
sz [u] = 0 ;
for ( int i = headt [u] ; i ; i = t [i].nxt ) {
int v = t [i].to ;
if ( v == fa [u] [0] ) continue ;
fa [v] [0] = u ;
dfs ( v ) ;
sz [u] += sz [v] + 1 ;
}
}
void pre ( int u ) {
for ( int i = 1 ; bin [i] <= dep [u] ; ++ i ) {
fa [u] [i] = fa [ fa [u] [ i - 1 ] ] [ i - 1 ] ;
}
}
int LCA ( int u , int v ) {
if ( u == -1 ) return v ;
if ( dep [u] < dep [v] ) swap ( u , v ) ;
int t = dep [u] - dep [v] ;
for ( int i = 0 ; bin [i] <= t ; ++ i )
if ( t & bin [i] ) u = fa [u] [i] ;
if ( u == v ) return u ;
for ( int i = 17 ; i >= 0 ; -- i ) {
if ( fa [u] [i] != fa [v] [i] ) {
u = fa [u] [i] ;
v = fa [v] [i] ;
}
}
return fa [u] [0] ;
}
void top () {
for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++ i )
if ( ! in [i] ) st.push_back ( i ) ;
while ( ! st.empty () ) {
int u = st.back () ;
st.pop_back () ;
q.push_back ( u ) ;
for ( int i = head [u] ; i ; i = e [i].nxt ) {
int v = e [i].to ;
in [v] -- ;
if ( ! in [v] ) st.push_back ( v ) ;
}
}
}
void build () {
for ( int i = q.size () - 1 ; i >= 0 ; -- i ) {
int u = q [i] ;
int fat = -1 ;
for ( int j = head [u] ; j ; j = e [j].nxt )
fat = LCA ( fat , e [j].to ) ;
if ( fat == -1 ) fat = 0 ;
addeage1 ( fat , u ) ;
dep [u] = dep [fat] + 1 ;
fa [u] [0] = fat ;
pre ( u ) ;
}
}
int main () {
bin [0] = 1 ;
for ( int i = 1 ; i < 20 ; ++ i ) bin [i] = bin [ i - 1 ] * 2 ;
scanf ( "%d" , & n ) ;
for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++ i ) {
int x ;
scanf ( "%d" , & x ) ;
while ( x != 0 ) {
addeage ( i , x ) ;
scanf ( "%d" , & x ) ;
}
}
top () ;
build () ;
dfs ( 0 ) ;
for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++ i )
printf ( "%d\n" , sz [i] ) ;
return 0 ;
}