因为马上要上要去互联网公司上班了,所以先学个互联网项目练手吧,长时间不练确实手生。这里做的是某马培训机构的一个商城项目。其实这个项目跟实习的时候做的一个体育软件很像,只是商城使用了分布式,今后2C十有八九都会使用分布式吧。
在校招的时候我就是拿这个项目忽悠的,被问成了傻子,但是正是被不断的提问,也慢慢学到了解决方案,比如优雅的解决缓存穿透,秒杀如何实现等,如果一味的从网上抄,那面试可能要凉一半,今后的学习过程中我会补充被面到的问题以及我的回答,面试官的回答,去哪儿网和美团的二面面试官都给了区别与网上的很好的答案,最后也会补充一些零碎的知识点。
1 项目介绍
该商城和京东或者天猫商城是类似的,只是目前没有做到那么细,只实现了主线(购物)功能。乐优商城分是一个B2C的商城,分为前台和后台,后台是展现给商家的,商家可以添删改查商品,进行权限管理等。而前台就跟我们日常在京东购物时所展现给我们的系统。无论是前台还是后台系统,都共享相同的微服务集群,包括:
- 商品微服务:商品及商品分类、品牌、库存等的服务
- 搜索微服务:实现搜索功能
- 订单微服务:实现订单相关
- 购物车微服务:实现购物车相关功能
- 用户中心:用户的登录注册等功能
- Eureka注册中心
- Zuul网关服务
- Spring Cloud Config配置中心
系统架构
整个系统的架构如下图所示
技术选型
前端技术:
- 基础的HTML、CSS、JavaScript(基于ES6标准)
- JQuery
- Vue.js 2.0以及基于Vue的框架:Vuetify
- 前端构建工具:WebPack
- 前端安装包工具:NPM
- Vue脚手架:Vue-cli
- Vue路由:vue-router
- ajax框架:axios
- 基于Vue的富文本框架:quill-editor
前端的技术不会过多去说,了解下就好,学那点皮毛就行了。还是把注意力集中到后端。
后端技术:
- 基础的SpringMVC、Spring 5.0和MyBatis3
- Spring Boot 2.0.1版本
- Spring Cloud 版本 Finchley.RS2
- Redis-4.0
- RabbitMQ-3.4
- Elasticsearch-5.6.8
- nginx-1.10.2:
- FastDFS - 5.0.8
- MyCat
- Thymeleaf
开发工具Idea
以上并不是全部,还会涉及到一些实际开发中的技巧。
2 项目环境搭建
2.1 父工程
创建Project,名称为leyou,打包方式pom,导入依赖如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.leyou.parent</groupId>
<artifactId>leyou</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
<mapper.starter.version>2.0.2</mapper.starter.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.32</mysql.version>
<pageHelper.starter.version>1.2.3</pageHelper.starter.version>
<leyou.latest.version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</leyou.latest.version>
<fastDFS.client.version>1.26.1-RELEASE</fastDFS.client.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- springCloud -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 通用Mapper启动器 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mapper.starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 分页助手启动器 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${pageHelper.starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--FastDFS客户端-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.tobato</groupId>
<artifactId>fastdfs-client</artifactId>
<version>${fastDFS.client.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.2 注册中心微服务
在leyou项目下,创建模块(module),名称为ly-registry
依赖如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>leyou</artifactId>
<groupId>com.leyou.parent</groupId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.leyou.common</groupId>
<artifactId>ly-registry</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
添加配置文件application.yaml,添加内容如下:
server:
port: 10086
spring:
application:
name: ly-registry
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
创建启动类LyRegistryApplication如下
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class LyRegistryApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(LyRegistryApplication.class);
}
}
此时的结构图如下:
2.3 网关微服务
在leyou项目下创建ly-gateway模块,导入依赖如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>leyou</artifactId>
<groupId>com.leyou.parent</groupId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.leyou.common</groupId>
<artifactId>ly-gateway</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
添加配置文件application.yaml,内容如下
server:
port: 10010
spring:
application:
name: api-gateway
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
zuul:
prefix: /api # 添加路由前缀
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMillisecond: 5000 # 熔断超时时长:10000ms
ribbon:
ConnectTimeout: 1000 # 连接超时时间(ms)
ReadTimeout: 3500 # 通信超时时间(ms)
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 0 # 同一服务不同实例的重试次数
MaxAutoRetries: 0 # 同一实例的重试次数
创建启动类如下
@SpringCloudApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class LyZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(LyZuulApplication.class);
}
}
此时项目结构图如下
2.4 通用模块
在leyou项目创建通用模块ly-common,注意,这个模块并不会作为一个微服务,仅仅用来存放通用类的,比如常用的utils类,接下来就会创建项目会用到的,Cookie工具类,Json工具类,ID生成器通以及Number工具类,当然这些都是授课老师写的。如果需要就copy下来留着以后用。
依赖如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>leyou</artifactId>
<groupId>com.leyou.parent</groupId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.leyou.common</groupId>
<artifactId>ly-common</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Cookie工具类:
package com.leyou.common.utils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
/**
*
* Cookie 工具类
*
*/
public final class CookieUtils {
protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CookieUtils.class);
/**
* 得到Cookie的值, 不编码
*
* @param request
* @param cookieName
* @return
*/
public static String getCookieValue(HttpServletRequest request, String cookieName) {
return getCookieValue(request, cookieName, false);
}
/**
* 得到Cookie的值,
*
* @param request
* @param cookieName
* @return
*/
public static String getCookieValue(HttpServletRequest request, String cookieName, boolean isDecoder) {
Cookie[] cookieList = request.getCookies();
if (cookieList == null || cookieName == null){
return null;
}
String retValue = null;
try {
for (int i = 0; i < cookieList.length; i++) {
if (cookieList[i].getName().equals(cookieName)) {
if (isDecoder) {
retValue = URLDecoder.decode(cookieList[i].getValue(), "UTF-8");
} else {
retValue = cookieList[i].getValue();
}
break;
}
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
logger.error("Cookie Decode Error.", e);
}
return retValue;
}
/**
* 得到Cookie的值,
*
* @param request
* @param cookieName
* @return
*/
public static String getCookieValue(HttpServletRequest request, String cookieName, String encodeString) {
Cookie[] cookieList = request.getCookies();
if (cookieList == null || cookieName == null){
return null;
}
String retValue = null;
try {
for (int i = 0; i < cookieList.length; i++) {
if (cookieList[i].getName().equals(cookieName)) {
retValue = URLDecoder.decode(cookieList[i].getValue(), encodeString);
break;
}
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
logger.error("Cookie Decode Error.", e);
}
return retValue;
}
/**
* 设置Cookie的值 不设置生效时间默认浏览器关闭即失效,也不编码
*/
public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue) {
setCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, -1);
}
/**
* 设置Cookie的值 在指定时间内生效,但不编码
*/
public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, int cookieMaxage) {
setCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, cookieMaxage, false);
}
/**
* 设置Cookie的值 不设置生效时间,但编码
*/
public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, boolean isEncode) {
setCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, -1, isEncode);
}
/**
* 设置Cookie的值 在指定时间内生效, 编码参数
*/
public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, int cookieMaxage, boolean isEncode) {
doSetCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, cookieMaxage, isEncode);
}
/**
* 设置Cookie的值 在指定时间内生效, 编码参数(指定编码)
*/
public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, int cookieMaxage, String encodeString) {
doSetCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, cookieMaxage, encodeString);
}
/**
* 删除Cookie带cookie域名
*/
public static void deleteCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName) {
doSetCookie(request, response, cookieName, "", -1, false);
}
/**
* 设置Cookie的值,并使其在指定时间内生效
*
* @param cookieMaxage
* cookie生效的最大秒数
*/
private static final void doSetCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, int cookieMaxage, boolean isEncode) {
try {
if (cookieValue == null) {
cookieValue = "";
} else if (isEncode) {
cookieValue = URLEncoder.encode(cookieValue, "utf-8");
}
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(cookieName, cookieValue);
if (cookieMaxage > 0)
cookie.setMaxAge(cookieMaxage);
if (null != request)// 设置域名的cookie
cookie.setDomain(getDomainName(request));
cookie.setPath("/");
response.addCookie(cookie);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Cookie Encode Error.", e);
}
}
/**
* 设置Cookie的值,并使其在指定时间内生效
*
* @param cookieMaxage
* cookie生效的最大秒数
*/
private static final void doSetCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, int cookieMaxage, String encodeString) {
try {
if (cookieValue == null) {
cookieValue = "";
} else {
cookieValue = URLEncoder.encode(cookieValue, encodeString);
}
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(cookieName, cookieValue);
if (cookieMaxage > 0)
cookie.setMaxAge(cookieMaxage);
if (null != request)// 设置域名的cookie
cookie.setDomain(getDomainName(request));
cookie.setPath("/");
response.addCookie(cookie);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Cookie Encode Error.", e);
}
}
/**
* 得到cookie的域名
*/
private static final String getDomainName(HttpServletRequest request) {
String domainName = null;
String serverName = request.getRequestURL().toString();
if (serverName == null || serverName.equals("")) {
domainName = "";
} else {
serverName = serverName.toLowerCase();
serverName = serverName.substring(7);
final int end = serverName.indexOf("/");
serverName = serverName.substring(0, end);
final String[] domains = serverName.split("\\.");
int len = domains.length;
if (len > 3) {
// www.xxx.com.cn
domainName = domains[len - 3] + "." + domains[len - 2] + "." + domains[len - 1];
} else if (len <= 3 && len > 1) {
// xxx.com or xxx.cn
domainName = domains[len - 2] + "." + domains[len - 1];
} else {
domainName = serverName;
}
}
if (domainName != null && domainName.indexOf(":") > 0) {
String[] ary = domainName.split("\\:");
domainName = ary[0];
}
return domainName;
}
}
JSON工具类
package com.leyou.common.utils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author: HuYi.Zhang
* @create: 2018-04-24 17:20
**/
public class JsonUtils {
public static final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JsonUtils.class);
public static String serialize(Object obj) {
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
if (obj.getClass() == String.class) {
return (String) obj;
}
try {
return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
logger.error("json序列化出错:" + obj, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <T> T parse(String json, Class<T> tClass) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(json, tClass);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("json解析出错:" + json, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <E> List<E> parseList(String json, Class<E> eClass) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(json, mapper.getTypeFactory().constructCollectionType(List.class, eClass));
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("json解析出错:" + json, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <K, V> Map<K, V> parseMap(String json, Class<K> kClass, Class<V> vClass) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(json, mapper.getTypeFactory().constructMapType(Map.class, kClass, vClass));
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("json解析出错:" + json, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <T> T nativeRead(String json, TypeReference<T> type) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(json, type);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("json解析出错:" + json, e);
return null;
}
}
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor//构造函数
static class User {
String name;
Integer age;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user = new User("Jack", 21);
String json = JsonUtils.serialize(user);
System.out.println(json);
}
}
ID生成器,注意这个是使用了雪花算法的工具类,分布式系统中保证id唯一性的,当时面携程的时候就考了我这个问题,反正两个人的谈话牛头不对马嘴。
package com.leyou.common.utils;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
/**
* <p>名称:IdWorker.java</p>
* <p>描述:分布式自增长ID</p>
* <pre>
* Twitter的 Snowflake JAVA实现方案
* </pre>
* 核心代码为其IdWorker这个类实现,其原理结构如下,我分别用一个0表示一位,用—分割开部分的作用:
* 1||0---0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0 --- 00000 ---00000 ---000000000000
* 在上面的字符串中,第一位为未使用(实际上也可作为long的符号位),接下来的41位为毫秒级时间,
* 然后5位datacenter标识位,5位机器ID(并不算标识符,实际是为线程标识),
* 然后12位该毫秒内的当前毫秒内的计数,加起来刚好64位,为一个Long型。
* 这样的好处是,整体上按照时间自增排序,并且整个分布式系统内不会产生ID碰撞(由datacenter和机器ID作区分),
* 并且效率较高,经测试,snowflake每秒能够产生26万ID左右,完全满足需要。
* <p>
* 64位ID (42(毫秒)+5(机器ID)+5(业务编码)+12(重复累加))
*
* @author Polim
*/
public class IdWorker {
// 时间起始标记点,作为基准,一般取系统的最近时间(一旦确定不能变动)
private final static long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
// 机器标识位数
private final static long workerIdBits = 5L;
// 数据中心标识位数
private final static long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
// 机器ID最大值
private final static long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
// 数据中心ID最大值
private final static long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
// 毫秒内自增位
private final static long sequenceBits = 12L;
// 机器ID偏左移12位
private final static long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
// 数据中心ID左移17位
private final static long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
// 时间毫秒左移22位
private final static long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
private final static long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
/* 上次生产id时间戳 */
private static long lastTimestamp = -1L;
// 0,并发控制
private long sequence = 0L;
private final long workerId;
// 数据标识id部分
private final long datacenterId;
public IdWorker(){
this.datacenterId = getDatacenterId(maxDatacenterId);
this.workerId = getMaxWorkerId(datacenterId, maxWorkerId);
}
/**
* @param workerId
* 工作机器ID
* @param datacenterId
* 序列号
*/
public IdWorker(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));
}
if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));
}
this.workerId = workerId;
this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
}
/**
* 获取下一个ID
*
* @return
*/
public synchronized long nextId() {
long timestamp = timeGen();
if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));
}
if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
// 当前毫秒内,则+1
sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
if (sequence == 0) {
// 当前毫秒内计数满了,则等待下一秒
timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
}
} else {
sequence = 0L;
}
lastTimestamp = timestamp;
// ID偏移组合生成最终的ID,并返回ID
long nextId = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift)
| (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift)
| (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
return nextId;
}
private long tilNextMillis(final long lastTimestamp) {
long timestamp = this.timeGen();
while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
timestamp = this.timeGen();
}
return timestamp;
}
private long timeGen() {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
/**
* <p>
* 获取 maxWorkerId
* </p>
*/
protected static long getMaxWorkerId(long datacenterId, long maxWorkerId) {
StringBuffer mpid = new StringBuffer();
mpid.append(datacenterId);
String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
if (!name.isEmpty()) {
/*
* GET jvmPid
*/
mpid.append(name.split("@")[0]);
}
/*
* MAC + PID 的 hashcode 获取16个低位
*/
return (mpid.toString().hashCode() & 0xffff) % (maxWorkerId + 1);
}
/**
* <p>
* 数据标识id部分
* </p>
*/
protected static long getDatacenterId(long maxDatacenterId) {
long id = 0L;
try {
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
NetworkInterface network = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip);
if (network == null) {
id = 1L;
} else {
byte[] mac = network.getHardwareAddress();
id = ((0x000000FF & (long) mac[mac.length - 1])
| (0x0000FF00 & (((long) mac[mac.length - 2]) << 8))) >> 6;
id = id % (maxDatacenterId + 1);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(" getDatacenterId: " + e.getMessage());
}
return id;
}
}
数字工具如下:
package com.leyou.common.utils;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.regex.MatchResult;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* @author: HuYi.Zhang
* @create: 2018-04-25 09:13
**/
public class NumberUtils {
public static boolean isInt(Double num) {
return num.intValue() == num;
}
/**
* 判断字符串是否是数值格式
* @param str
* @return
*/
public static boolean isDigit(String str){
if(str == null || str.trim().equals("")){
return false;
}
return str.matches("^\\d+$");
}
/**
* 将一个小数精确到指定位数
* @param num
* @param scale
* @return
*/
public static double scale(double num, int scale) {
BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(num);
return bd.setScale(scale, RoundingMode.HALF_UP).doubleValue();
}
// 从字符串中根据正则表达式寻找,返回找到的数字数组
public static Double[] searchNumber(String value, String regex){
List<Double> doubles = new ArrayList<>();
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
if(matcher.find()) {
MatchResult result = matcher.toMatchResult();
for (int i = 1; i <= result.groupCount(); i++) {
doubles.add(Double.valueOf(result.group(i)));
}
}
return doubles.toArray(new Double[doubles.size()]);
}
/**
* 生成指定位数的随机数字
* @param len
* @return
*/
public static String generateCode(int len){
len = Math.min(len, 8);
int min = Double.valueOf(Math.pow(10, len - 1)).intValue();
int num = new Random().nextInt(Double.valueOf(Math.pow(10, len + 1)).intValue() - 1) + min;
return String.valueOf(num).substring(0,len);
}
}
此时的结构如下
基础部分的搭建到这就搭建完成了,接下来做商城微服务环境的搭建
3 商品微服务
在leyou项目下创建商品微服务ly-item,注意打包方式为pom
接着在ly-item模块下,创建ly-item-interface模块:用来存放实体类,比如商品微服务向外提供了查询商品的接口,然后订单微服务调用了,但是订单微服务里面是没有商品类的。所以将实体类写到该模块,然后在提供服务的模块(后面写)中引入依赖即可,别的微服务调用的时候也就有了商品实体类。
注意:前两个模块均无需引入依赖,暂时只是创建出来,还什么都没做。
最后在ly-item模块下,创建ly-item-service模块:对外提供商品相关服务
添加依赖如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>ly-item</artifactId>
<groupId>com.leyou.service</groupId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.leyou.service</groupId>
<artifactId>ly-item-service</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.leyou.service</groupId>
<artifactId>ly-item-interface</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.leyou.common</groupId>
<artifactId>ly-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
添加配置文件application.yaml,如下:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: item-service
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yun6
username: root
password: 123456
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
ip-address: 127.0.0.1
创建启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class LyItemApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(LyItemApplication.class);
}
}
结构如下
4 通用异常处理器
异常处处可见,所以提前写个使用与所有异常的通用异常处理器。
在ly-item-interface中添加实体类
package com.leyou.item.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Item {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Long price;
}
在ly-item-service中添加Controller
@RestController
@RequestMapping("item")
public class ItemController {
@Autowired
private ItemService itemService;
@PostMapping
public ResponseEntity<Item> saveItem(Item item){
if(item.getPrice() == null) {
throw new LyException(ExceptionEnum.PRICE_CANNOT_BE_NULL);
}
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(itemService.saveItem(item));
}
}
注意在这里 ResponseEntity比@ResponseBody更实用,@ResponseBody是将响应结果放在了http响应体中,但是状态码是在响应行。ResponseEntity可以同时设置响应行和响应体。
LyException如下
package com.leyou.common.exception;
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public class LyException extends RuntimeException{
private ExceptionEnum exceptionEnum;
}
枚举类ExceptionEnum如下:
package com.leyou.common.enums;
@Getter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum ExceptionEnum {
PRICE_CANNOT_BE_NULL(400,"价格不能为空")
;
private int status;
private String msg;
}
异常抛出后,虽然SpringMVC会帮我们处理,但是默认的响应状态码都是500,所以还是自己来写异常处理器。(关于状态码问题是为了符合RestFul风格),参数错误应该返回状态码201而不是500
package com.leyou.common.advice;
@ControllerAdvice //默认是处理controler注解的类抛出的异常
public class CommonExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(LyException.class) //处理什么异常
public ResponseEntity<ExceptionResult> handlerExc(LyException e){
return ResponseEntity.status(e.getExceptionEnum().getStatus()).body(new ExceptionResult(e.getExceptionEnum()));
}
}
响应ExceptionResult如下
package com.leyou.common.vo;
import com.leyou.common.enums.ExceptionEnum;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class ExceptionResult {
private int status;
private String message;
private Long timestamp;
public ExceptionResult(ExceptionEnum e) {
this.status = e.getStatus();
this.message = e.getMsg();
this.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}
整个结构如下
启动后,使用postman进行测试
1、传入price进行访问
2、不带参数进行访问
4 枚举
之前使用了枚举,如果对枚举不熟,下面做详细的介绍。
1、了解Enum
源码不多,就全部扣下来了
public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>>
implements Comparable<E>, Serializable {
//枚举常数名字
private final String name;
//枚举常数的序号,默认0开始
private final int ordinal;
//返回该枚举常数的名字
public final String name() {
return name;
}
//同上
public String toString() {
return name;
}
//返回该枚举常数的序号
public final int ordinal() {
return ordinal;
}
//构造函数,传人枚举名字和序号
protected Enum(String name, int ordinal) {
this.name = name;
this.ordinal = ordinal;
}
//返回指定名字的枚举类型常数,静态的,使用Emun直接来调用
public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T> enumType,
String name) {
T result = enumType.enumConstantDirectory().get(name);
if (result != null)
return result;
if (name == null)
throw new NullPointerException("Name is null");
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name);
}
hashCode(),equals,compareTo(),getDeclaringClass()方法不需要了解了
}
做些测试
public enum Action {
STOP,RIGHT,LEFT,UP,DOWN
}
public class EnumTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Action left = Action.LEFT;
String left2 = left.toString();
System.out.println(left2);
Action left3 = Enum.valueOf(Action.class, "LEFT");
String left4 = left3.name();
int ordinal = left3.ordinal();
System.out.println(ordinal);
System.out.println(left4);
Action left5 = Action.valueOf("LEFT");
System.out.println(left5);
Action[] actions = Action.values();
for (Action action : actions) {
System.out.println(action.name() + " " + action.ordinal());
}
}
}
输出:
LEFT
2
LEFT
LEFT
LEFT
2
LEFT
LEFT
STOP 0
RIGHT 1
LEFT 2
UP 3
DOWN 4
下面对Action进行反编译查看(搜狗浏览器下载目录下面有反编译工具)
public final class Action extends Enum
{
private Action(String s, int i)
{
super(s, i);
}
public static Action[] values()
{
Action aaction[];
int i;
Action aaction1[];
System.arraycopy(aaction = ENUM$VALUES, 0, aaction1 = new Action[i = aaction.length], 0, i);
return aaction1;
}
public static Action valueOf(String s)
{
return (Action)Enum.valueOf(com/scu/enu/Action, s);
}
public static final Action STOP;
public static final Action RIGHT;
public static final Action LEFT;
public static final Action UP;
public static final Action DOWN;
private static final Action ENUM$VALUES[];
static
{
STOP = new Action("STOP", 0);
RIGHT = new Action("RIGHT", 1);
LEFT = new Action("LEFT", 2);
UP = new Action("UP", 3);
DOWN = new Action("DOWN", 4);
ENUM$VALUES = (new Action[] {
STOP, RIGHT, LEFT, UP, DOWN
});
}
}
枚举类实际上是继承了Enum这个类,且定义为final,也就是不能被继承。
一旦这个类被加载后,静态块里面会初始化成员变量,也就是5个Action实例以及一个Action数组。
注:所有的实例都是static final的,构造方法也是私有的。构造方法中调用了super(s, i);表示调用了Enum类的构造方法private Enum(String name, int ordinal),为name何ordinal赋值,默认就是从0开始的。
另外提供了values()方法返回所有枚举类。
此外对继承来的values(class,name)进行了重写
2、枚举的高级运用
(1)、自定义构造函数
枚举类,除了由编译器自动生成的private构造函数外,也可以自行定义构造函数,条件是不得为公开,也不得在构造函数里面调用super(反编译后能看到自行调用)。
前面说到ordinal是实例顺序,默认0开始,如果不满足我们的需求,那么可以自行定义。
public enum Action2 {
STOP(2),RIGHT(3),LEFT(5),UP(9),DOWN(7);
private int value;
private Action2(int value){
this.value = value;
}
public int getValue(){
return value;
}
}
public class EnumTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Action2 left = Action2.LEFT;
int value = left.getValue();
System.out.println(value);
Action2[] values = Action2.values();
for (Action2 action2 : values) {
System.out.println(action2.name() + " "
+ action2.getValue() + " " + action2.ordinal());
}
}
}
输出:
5
STOP 2 0
RIGHT 3 1
LEFT 5 2
UP 9 3
DOWN 7 4
反编译后
public final class Action2 extends Enum
{
private Action2(String s, int i, int value)
{
super(s, i);
this.value = value;
}
public int getValue()
{
return value;
}
public static Action2[] values()
{
Action2 aaction2[];
int i;
Action2 aaction2_1[];
System.arraycopy(aaction2 = ENUM$VALUES, 0, aaction2_1 = new Action2[i = aaction2.length], 0, i);
return aaction2_1;
}
public static Action2 valueOf(String s)
{
return (Action2)Enum.valueOf(com/scu/enu/Action2, s);
}
public static final Action2 STOP;
public static final Action2 RIGHT;
public static final Action2 LEFT;
public static final Action2 UP;
public static final Action2 DOWN;
private int value;
private static final Action2 ENUM$VALUES[];
static
{
STOP = new Action2("STOP", 0, 2);
RIGHT = new Action2("RIGHT", 1, 3);
LEFT = new Action2("LEFT", 2, 5);
UP = new Action2("UP", 3, 9);
DOWN = new Action2("DOWN", 4, 7);
ENUM$VALUES = (new Action2[] {
STOP, RIGHT, LEFT, UP, DOWN
});
}
}
再给个常见的例子
public enum Action5 {
STOP("停止",4),RIGHT("向右",3),LEFT("向左",5),UP("向上",9),DOWN("向下",7);
private int value;
private String name;
private Action5(int value){
this.value = value;
}
private Action5(String name,int value){
this.value = value;
this.name = name;
}
public int getValue(){
return value;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
}
Action5[] values5 = Action5.values();
for (Action5 action2 : values5) {
System.out.println(action2.getName() + " "
+ action2.getValue() );
}
输出
停止 4
向右 3
向左 5
向上 9
向下 7
其实,构造函数里面,多传了个参数而已,其他是不变的,只是我们多加了个属性。
// Decompiled by Jad v1.5.8g. Copyright 2001 Pavel Kouznetsov.
// Jad home page: http://www.kpdus.com/jad.html
// Decompiler options: packimports(3)
// Source File Name: Action5.java
package com.scu.enu;
public final class Action5 extends Enum
{
private Action5(String s, int i, int value)
{
super(s, i);
this.value = value;
}
private Action5(String s, int i, String name, int value)
{
super(s, i);
this.value = value;
this.name = name;
}
public int getValue()
{
return value;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public static Action5[] values()
{
Action5 aaction5[];
int i;
Action5 aaction5_1[];
System.arraycopy(aaction5 = ENUM$VALUES, 0, aaction5_1 = new Action5[i = aaction5.length], 0, i);
return aaction5_1;
}
public static Action5 valueOf(String s)
{
return (Action5)Enum.valueOf(com/scu/enu/Action5, s);
}
public static final Action5 STOP;
public static final Action5 RIGHT;
public static final Action5 LEFT;
public static final Action5 UP;
public static final Action5 DOWN;
private int value;
private String name;
private static final Action5 ENUM$VALUES[];
static
{
STOP = new Action5("STOP", 0, "\u505C\u6B62", 4);
RIGHT = new Action5("RIGHT", 1, "\u5411\u53F3", 3);
LEFT = new Action5("LEFT", 2, "\u5411\u5DE6", 5);
UP = new Action5("UP", 3, "\u5411\u4E0A", 9);
DOWN = new Action5("DOWN", 4, "\u5411\u4E0B", 7);
ENUM$VALUES = (new Action5[] {
STOP, RIGHT, LEFT, UP, DOWN
});
}
}