SpringCloud 初识二:服务消费与Ribbon负载

通过上一篇 <SpringCloud初识一:eureka与server>
我们已经成功注册了服务提供者,接下来我们将学习如何消费这些服务

1. 首先在Maven项目下创建一个server-consumer项目

2.创建完之后注入RestTemplate

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

controller

@RestController
public class ConsumerDemoController {

    @Autowired
    LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;


    @GetMapping("/consumerDemo")
    public String getDemo() {
        //获取server-client 服务信息
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("server-client");
        if (serviceInstance == null) return "无提供服务";
        //restTemplate消费服务
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort() + "/demo", String.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumerDemoPost")
    public String getDemoPost() {
        //获取server-client 服务信息
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("server-client");
        if (serviceInstance == null) return "无提供服务";
        //拼装post请求参数
        Map<String, String> dtoMap = new HashMap<>();
        dtoMap.put("id","111");
        dtoMap.put("name","333");
        //restTemplate消费服务
        return restTemplate.postForObject("http://" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort() + "/demoPost", dtoMap,String.class);
    }
}

application.properties

server.port=3001

spring.application.name=server-consumer

eureka.instance.hostname=localhost

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:1001/eureka/

server-consumer的pom.xml

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR4</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

同时这里我为了使用更清晰,改动了部分server-client 的代码内容如下:
controller

@RestController
public class DemoController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String post;
    @Value("${spring.application.name}")
    private String applicationName;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/demo",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getDemo(){
        return "HELLO WORD post:" + post + ",applicationName:" + applicationName;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/demoPost",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String getDemoPost(@RequestBody RequestDto requestDto){
        return "HELLO WORD post:" + post + ",applicationName:" + applicationName + ",request:" + JSONObject.toJSONString(requestDto);
    }
}

dto

@Data
public class RequestDto implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3704054941639462199L;

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
}

这里用到了lombok不需要再写get set

server-client的pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.47</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

3.准备工作做完了,启动eureka,server和consumer

直接访问
http://localhost:3001/consumerDemo

http://localhost:3001/consumerDemoPost

服务刚启动可能会提示"无提供服务".注册服务是有延迟的.先刷新eureka
http://localhost:1001 看到服务都注册完成后再访问

4.改掉server-client 的端口启动多个server-client服务.

刷新eureka : http://localhost:1001/ 你会看到有多个提供者

反复刷新server-consumer : http://localhost:3001/consumerDemo 你会看到下面两个输出轮流切换

这是因为Ribbon默认是轮询的方式.需要自定义的话配置下@Bean

    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
//        return new RoundRobinRule();//轮询
//        return new RetryRule();//重试
        return new BestAvailableRule();//性能最好的
    }

重试会将无法访问的服务的请求多次重试,依旧无法操作会报错返回
性能最好会将一个请求访问量最少最空闲的服务访问结果返回.除非没有正常运行的服务,不然不会报错