JavaWeb-Servle-ServletContext

1.分析

话不多说直接上图

2.源码分析

public interface ServletContext {
    public String getContextPath();

    //方法入参为uriPath（String），是一个资源定位符的路径。返回一个ServletContext实例
    public ServletContext getContext(String uripath);

    //分别返回当前servlet容器支持的Servlet规范最高版本和最低版本。
    public int getMajorVersion();
    public int getMinorVersion();

    //分别返回当前应用基于的Servlet规范最高版本和最低版本
    public int getEffectiveMajorVersion();
    public int getEffectiveMinorVersion();
    
    //返回servlet容器的名称和版本，格式为servername/versionnumber。
    public String getServerInfo();
    
    //返回应用的名称，这里的名称是web.xml里面配置的display-name
    public String getServletContextName();

    //返回文件的MIME类型，MIME类型是容器配置的。可用通过web.xml进行配置
    public String getMimeType(String file);
    
    public void log(String msg);
    public void log(String message, Throwable throwable);

    //根据传入的路径，列出该路径下的所有资源路径
    public Set<String> getResourcePaths(String path);
 
    //将指定路径的资源封装成URL实例并返回
    public URL getResource(String path) throws MalformedURLException;

    //获取指定路径资源的输入流InputStream并返回
    public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String path);
    
    public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path);
    public RequestDispatcher getNamedDispatcher(String name);

    //根据资源虚拟路径，返回实际路径。
    public String getRealPath(String path);


    //用来获取应用的初始化参数相关数据的，参数的作用域是整个应用
    public String getInitParameter(String name);
    public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
    public boolean setInitParameter(String name, String value);


    public Object getAttribute(String name);
    public Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames();
    public void setAttribute(String name, Object object);
    public void removeAttribute(String name);

}

 

3.ServlerContext总结

ServletContext是个很重要的东西，在每次的servlet规范更新中，这个接口都有较大的变化。

因为ServletContext是容器和应用沟通的桥梁，从一定程度上讲ServletContext就是servlet规范的体现。

 

4.简单示例

1.存入

public class ServletContext  extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.printf("----Hello Serclet----");

        //  this.getInitParameter(); 初始化参数
        // this.getServletContext(); Servlet上下文
        // this.getServletConfig(); Servlet配置
        javax.servlet.ServletContext context=  this.getServletContext();
        String Myname="tian";
        context.setAttribute("Myname",Myname);//将数据保存在了ServletContext中，名字为：Myname 。值 Myname
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

2.取出

public class GetServletContext extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context= this.getServletContext();
        String myname=(String) context.getAttribute("Myname"); //获取上下文的值
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("获取的信息"+myname);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

 

3.web.xml 配置

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Context</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>ServletContext.ServletContext</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Context</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/Context</url-pattern>>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>GetContext</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>ServletContext.GetServletContext</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>GetContext</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/GetContext</url-pattern>>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

5.初始化配置

在Web.xml中新增节点

  <!-- 配置初始化-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://XXXXXXXXXXXX:3306/javawebuser</param-value>
  </context-param>

读取

public class ServletContextApply extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context= this.getServletContext();
      String URL=  context.getInitParameter("url");//获取初始化参数 web.xml
        resp.getWriter().print(URL);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

 

6.转发

public class ServletContextTransmit  extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.printf("***************转发执行****************");
        ServletContext context= this.getServletContext();
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/ContextApply").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

 

6.1转发与重定向

  

7.读取资源文件

Properties

• 在java目录下新建properties

• 在resources目录下新建properties

发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：classes，我们俗称这个路径为classpath:

思路：需要一个文件流；

 

public class ServletProperties extends HttpServlet
{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {


        System.out.println("--------------------------------");
        //获取项目文件路径
        InputStream is= this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        //新建Properties对象
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        //读取流
        prop.load(is);
        //获取流信息
        String  use= prop.getProperty("userame");
        String pass= prop.getProperty("password");
        
        resp.getWriter().print(use+":"+pass);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }