达梦数据库:常用sql语法总结-持续更新211222

达梦数据库:常用sql语法总结-持续更新

日期:
dmsql日期类型转换

selct TO_CHAR(SYSDATE -3,'YYYYMMDD');

授权:
将一个用户所有表,授权给另一个用户:给 A 授予 B 的 SELECT 查询权限,
此结果集只是将 授权语句的结果查询出来,需要导出文本再执行一遍哟

select
        'grant select on '
        ||T
        ||' to A WITH GRANT OPTION;'
from
        (
                SELECT
                        '"'
                        ||OWNER
                        ||'"."'
                        ||OBJECT_NAME
                        ||'"' T
                from
                        dba_OBJECTS
                where
                        owner            ='B'
                    AND OBJECT_TYPE='TABLE')
                    

达梦数据库license替换,许可证替换
试用版环境,dm.key到期后,需要替换新的dm.key,
如果dm.key的名称是dmA123456.key,dm
*_****.key则需要重命名为dm.key
替换方法 有2种:**

方法 1:

将新的 dm.key文件放到达梦数据库程序安装目录的bin 下,并更改属组:
例如:


$ pwd
$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/
$ ll dm.key
-rw-------. 1 dmdba dinstall 648 11月 19 01:49 dm.key

重启数据库实例服务!完成dm.key替换,
如果dm.key版本信息与服务器数据库环境不匹配,数据库服务将无法启动

方法 2:将dm.key 放置bin目录内,
不用重启数据库服务,维护集群更方便

引用于:DM8_SQL语言使用手册 >>>附录 3 系统存储过程和函数
SP_LOAD_LIC_INFO()
定义:
VOID
SP_LOAD_LIC_INFO()
功能说明:
进行 DM 服务器的 LICENSE 校验,检查 LICENSE 与当前 DM 版本及系统运行
环境是否一致,如果有不一致则 DM 服务器主动退出。
参数说明:

返回值:

举例说明:
SP_LOAD_LIC_INFO();

在达梦的manager管理工具,或者disql执行此语句,即可更新dm.key 信息


SP_LOAD_LIC_INFO();

替换完成后,执行此语句可验证


SELECT * FROM V$LICENSE;

查询:
查询达梦数据库实例的详情:


SELECT '实例名称' 数据库选项,INSTANCE_NAME  数据库集群相关参数值 FROM v$instance union all
SELECT '授权客户',(SELECT AUTHORIZED_CUSTOMER FROM V$LICENSE) UNION ALL
SELECT '数据库授权码',(SELECT SERIES_NO FROM V$LICENSE) UNION ALL
SELECT '数据库有效期',cast((SELECT EXPIRED_DATE FROM V$LICENSE)as VARCHAR) UNION ALL
SELECT '数据库版本',substr(svr_version,instr(svr_version,'('))  FROM v$instance union all
SELECT '数据库版本小号',(SELECT id_code)  FROM v$instance union all
SELECT '数据库实例路径',(SELECT PARA_VALUE from v$dm_ini where para_name like'%SYSTEM_PATH%')  FROM v$instance union all
SELECT '数据库模式',MODE$ from v$instance  union all
select '数据库状态',status$ from v$instance union all
select '归档状态_开 Y/关 N',ARCH_MODE from v$database union all
SELECT '长度是否以字符为单位',CASE (SELECT PARA_VALUE FROM V$DM_INI WHERE "V$DM_INI".PARA_NAME ='LENGTH_IN_CHAR') WHEN '0' THEN '否' WHEN '1' THEN '是' END UNION ALL
SELECT '大小写是否敏感_是 Y,1/否N,0',cast(SF_GET_CASE_SENSITIVE_FLAG() as varchar) union all
SELECT '字符集',CASE SF_GET_UNICODE_FLAG() WHEN '0' THEN 'GBK18030' WHEN '1' then 'UTF-8' when '2' then 'EUC-KR' end union all
SELECT '页大小',cast(PAGE()/1024 as varchar) union all
SELECT '簇大小',cast(SF_GET_EXTENT_SIZE() as varchar) union all
SELECT '唯一魔数',cast(permanent_magic as varchar) union all
SELECT 'LSN',cast(cur_lsn as varchar) from v$rlog union all
SELECT '当前登录用户',USER;



结果如图:
在这里插入图片描述

V查询数据库实例的字符集

SELECT SF_GET_UNICODE_FLAG ();
返回值:
0 表示 GB18030,1 表示 UTF-8,2 表示 EUC-KR

V查询数据库实例的大小写敏感值

SELECT SF_GET_CASE_SENSITIVE_FLAG();
返回值:
1,y,Y为大小写敏感,0,n,N 为大小写不敏感

v查看dm数据库版本:

select * from V$VERSION 
union all
SELECT  ID_CODE;

V查看数据库实例信息:

SELECT * FROM V$INSTANCE;

V查询所有用户

SELECT * FROM ALL_USERS;

V查询所有用户拥有权限

SELECT * FROM SYS.USER_ROLE_PRIVS;

V查询所有对象名称与用户的关系

SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;

V查看用户下所有表(根据使用的用户实际权限决定查询范围)

select * from ALL_TABLES;

V查看用户下所有表与列

select * from ALL_TAB_COLUMNS;

V查看用户下所有表与所以列与列注释信息

select * from ALL_COL_COMMENTS;
select * from ALL_TAB_COMMENTS;

V查看表的所有约束信息

select * from ALL_CONSTRAINTS;

获得dm.ini文件中任何参数的值

SELECT SF_GET_PARA_VALUE(1,'参数名');
SELECT SF_GET_PARA_VALUE(1,'buffer');

–开启 sql 日志记录功能

call SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1,'SVR_LOG',3);

–关闭 sql 日志记录功能

call SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1,'SVR_LOG',0

–查询 sql 日志记录是否开启:0 关闭,3 开启);

select SF_GET_PARA_VALUE(1,'SVR_LOG')union ALL
select SF_GET_PARA_VALUE(2,'SVR_LOG');

–服务器日志是否记录通信中产生的警告信息。
–0:不记录;1:记录

call SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1,'COMM_TRACE',0);

–查询日志是否记录通信中产生的警告是否开启:0 关闭,3 开启);

select SF_GET_PARA_VALUE(1,'COMM_TRACE')union ALL
select SF_GET_PARA_VALUE(2,'COMM_TRACE');
第1章结构化查询语言DM_SQL简介 ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 DM_SQL语言的特点 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 保留字与标识符 ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 DM_SQL语言的功能及语句 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.4 DM_SQL所支持的数据类型 ..................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 常规数据类型 .................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.2 日期时间数据类型 ............................................................................................................ 6 1.4.3 多媒体数据类型 ................................................................................................................ 9 1.4.4 数据类型别名 .................................................................................................................... 9 1.5 DM_SQL语言支持的表达式 ..................................................................................................... 9 1.5.1 数值表达式 ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.5.2 字符串表达式 .................................................................................................................. 11 1.5.3 时间值表达式 .................................................................................................................. 12 1.5.4 时间间隔值表达式 .......................................................................................................... 13 1.5.5 运算符的优先级 .............................................................................................................. 14 1.6 DM_SQL语言支持的数据库模式 ........................................................................................... 15 第2章本手册中的实例说明 ............................................................................................................... 16 2.1 实例库说明 .............................................................................................................................. 16 2.2 参考脚本 ................................................................................................................................. 24 第3章数据定义语句 ........................................................................................................................... 42 3.1 数据库定义语句 ...................................................................................................................... 42 3.2 数据库修改语句 ...................................................................................................................... 44 3.3 数据库删除语句 ...................................................................................................................... 46 3.4 设置当前数据库语句 .............................................................................................................. 46 3.5 登录定义语句 .......................................................................................................................... 47 3.6 登录修改语句 .......................................................................................................................... 51 3.7 登录删除语句 .......................................................................................................................... 53 3.8 用户定义语句 .......................................................................................................................... 53 3.9 用户修改语句 .......................................................................................................................... 54 3.10 用户删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 54 3.11 模式定义语句 ........................................................................................................................ 55 3.12 设置当前模式语句 ................................................................................................................ 56 3.13 模式删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 57 3.14 基表定义语句 ........................................................................................................................ 57 3.15 基表修改语句 ........................................................................................................................ 68 3.16 基表删除语句 ..................................................................................................................... 74 3.17 全表删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 75 3.18 索引定义语句 ........................................................................................................................ 76 3.19 索引删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 78 3.20 序列定义语句 ........................................................................................................................ 79 3.21 序列删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 80 3.22 全文索引定义语句 ................................................................................................................ 81 3.23 全文索引修改语句 ................................................................................................................ 81 3.24 全文索引删除语句 ................................................................................................................ 82 II 3.25 数据库快照定义语句 ............................................................................................................ 83 3.26 数据库快照删除语句 ............................................................................................................ 84 第4章数据查询语句和全文检索语句 ............................................................................................... 85 4.1 单表查询 ................................................................................................................................. 91 4.1.1 简单查询 .......................................................................................................................... 91 4.1.2 带条件查询 ...................................................................................................................... 92 4.1.3 集函数 .............................................................................................................................. 94 4.1.4 情况表达式 ...................................................................................................................... 96 4.2 连接查询 ................................................................................................................................. 98 4.3 子查询 ................................................................................................................................... 105 4.3.1 标量子查询 .................................................................................................................... 106 4.3.2 表子查询 ........................................................................................................................ 107 4.3.3 派生表子查询 ................................................................................................................ 109 4.3.4 定量比较 ........................................................................................................................ 110 4.3.5 带EXISTS谓词的子查询 ............................................................................................... 111 4.3.6 多列表子查询 ................................................................................................................ 112 4.4 查询结果的合并 .....................................................................................................................113 4.5 GROUP BY和HAVING子句 ...................................................................................................114 4.5.1 GROUP BY子句的使用 ................................................................................................. 114 4.5.2 HAVING子句的使用 ...................................................................................................... 115 4.6 ORDER BY子句 ......................................................................................................................116 4.7 选取前几条数据 .....................................................................................................................117 4.8 选取其中几条数据 .................................................................................................................117 4.9 全文检索 ................................................................................................................................118 4.10 层次查询 .............................................................................................................................. 120 4.10.1 层次查询子句 .............................................................................................................. 120 4.10.2 层次查询相关伪列 ...................................................................................................... 121 4.10.3 层次查询相关操作符 .................................................................................................. 121 4.10.4 层次查询相关函数 ...................................................................................................... 121 4.11 查看执行计划 ...................................................................................................................... 125 第5章数据的插入、删除和修改 ..................................................................................................... 126 5.1 数据插入语句 ........................................................................................................................ 126 5.2 数据修改语句 ........................................................................................................................ 129 5.3 数据删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 130 5.4 伪列的使用 ............................................................................................................................ 131 5.4.1 ROWID ........................................................................................................................... 131 5.4.2 UID和USER .................................................................................................................... 132 5.4.3 ROWNUM ...................................................................................................................... 132 5.5 DM自增列的使用 ................................................................................................................... 132 5.5.1 DM自增列定义 ............................................................................................................... 132 5.5.2 SET IDENTITY_INSERT 属性 ..................................................................................... 133 第6章视图 ........................................................................................................................................ 136 6.1 视图的作用 .......................................................................................................................... 136 6.2 视图的定义 ............................................................................................................................ 137 6.3 视图的删除 ............................................................................................................................ 139 6.4 视图的查询 ............................................................................................................................ 140 III 6.5 视图数据的更新 .................................................................................................................... 141 第7章嵌入式SQL ............................................................................................................................. 143 7.1 SQL前缀和终结符 ................................................................................................................. 143 7.2 宿主变量 ............................................................................................................................... 143 7.2.1 输入和输出变量 ............................................................................................................ 144 7.2.2 指示符变量 .................................................................................................................... 145 7.3 服务器登录与退出 ................................................................................................................ 145 7.3.1 登录服务器 .................................................................................................................... 145 7.3.2 退出服务器 .................................................................................................................... 146 7.4 游标的定义与操纵 ................................................................................................................ 146 7.4.1 定义游标语句 ................................................................................................................ 147 7.4.2 打开游标语句 ................................................................................................................ 147 7.4.3 拨动游标语句 ................................................................................................................ 148 7.4.4 关闭游标语句 ................................................................................................................ 150 7.4.5 关于可更新游标 ............................................................................................................ 150 7.4.6 游标定位删除语句 ........................................................................................................ 150 7.4.7 游标定位修改语句 ........................................................................................................ 151 7.5 单元组查询语句 .................................................................................................................... 152 7.6 动态SQL ............................................................................................................................... 153 7.6.1 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE立即执行语句 ........................................................................ 154 7.6.2 PREPARE准备语句 ........................................................................................................ 155 7.6.3 EXCUTE执行语句 ......................................................................................................... 155 7.7 异常处理 ............................................................................................................................... 156 第8章函数 ........................................................................................................................................ 157 8.1 数值函数 ............................................................................................................................... 166 8.2 字符串函数 ............................................................................................................................ 173 8.3 日期时间函数 ........................................................................................................................ 184 8.4 空值判断函数 ........................................................................................................................ 193 8.5 类型转换函数 ........................................................................................................................ 194 8.6 杂类函数 ............................................................................................................................... 195 8.7 系统函数 ............................................................................................................................... 196 8.8 存储加密函数 ........................................................................................................................ 215 8.9 标记处理函数 ........................................................................................................................ 222 8.10 备份恢复函数 ...................................................................................................................... 223 8.11 附加分离数据库 .................................................................................................................. 230 第9章一致性和并发性 ..................................................................................................................... 233 9.1 DM事务相关语句 ................................................................................................................... 233 9.1.1 事务的开始 .................................................................................................................... 233 9.1.2 事务的结束 .................................................................................................................... 233 9.1.3 保存点相关语句 ............................................................................................................ 234 9.1.4 设置事务隔离级及读写特性 ........................................................................................ 235 9.2 DM手动上锁语句 ................................................................................................................... 236 第10章存储模块 ............................................................................................................................... 238 10.1 存储模块的定义 .................................................................................................................. 238 10.2 存储模块的删除 .................................................................................................................. 246 10.3 存储模块的控制语句 .......................................................................................................... 247 IV 10.3.1 语句块 .......................................................................................................................... 247 10.3.2 赋值语句 ...................................................................................................................... 249 10.3.3 条件语句 ...................................................................................................................... 249 10.3.4 循环语句 ...................................................................................................................... 250 10.3.5 EXIT语句 ...................................................................................................................... 252 10.3.6 调用语句 ...................................................................................................................... 253 10.3.7 RETURN语句 ............................................................................................................... 255 10.3.8 NULL语句 .................................................................................................................... 255 10.3.9 GOTO语句 .................................................................................................................... 255 10.3.10 RAISE语句 ................................................................................................................. 256 10.3.11 打印语句 .................................................................................................................... 256 10.4 存储模块的异常处理 .......................................................................................................... 256 10.4.1 异常变量的说明 .......................................................................................................... 257 10.4.2 异常的抛出 .................................................................................................................. 257 10.4.3 异常处理器 .................................................................................................................. 257 10.4.4 异常处理用法举例 ...................................................................................................... 257 10.5 存储模块的SQL语句 .......................................................................................................... 259 10.5.1 游标 .............................................................................................................................. 259 10.5.2 动态SQL ...................................................................................................................... 260 10.5.3 游标变量 ...................................................................................................................... 261 10.5.4 返回查询结果集 .......................................................................................................... 261 10.5.5 SQL语句应用举例 ........................................................................................................ 261 10.6 客户端存储模块 .................................................................................................................. 264 10.7 子过程、子函数 .................................................................................................................. 265 10.7.1 子过程 .......................................................................................................................... 265 10.7.2 子函数 .......................................................................................................................... 266 10.8 %TYPE、%ROWTYPE ....................................................................................................... 266 10.8.1 %TYPE .......................................................................................................................... 266 10.8.2 %ROWTYPE ................................................................................................................ 267 10.9 记录类型 .............................................................................................................................. 267 10.9.1 记录类型定义 .............................................................................................................. 267 10.9.2 记录赋值 ...................................................................................................................... 268 第11章触发器 .................................................................................................................................. 270 11.1 触发器的定义 ...................................................................................................................... 270 11.1.1 触发器类型 .................................................................................................................. 277 11.1.2 触发器激发顺序 .......................................................................................................... 279 11.1.3 新、旧行值的引用 ...................................................................................................... 280 11.1.4 触发器谓词 .................................................................................................................. 281 11.1.5 变异表 .......................................................................................................................... 282 11.1.6 设计触发器的原则 ...................................................................................................... 283 11.2 触发器的删除 ...................................................................................................................... 284 11.3 禁止和允许触发器 .............................................................................................................. 284 11.4 触发器应用举例 .................................................................................................................. 286 11.4.1 使用触发器实现审计功能 .......................................................................................... 286 11.4.2 使用触发器维护数据完整性 ...................................................................................... 286 11.4.3 使用触发器保障数据安全性 ...................................................................................... 287 V 11.4.4 使用触发器派生字段值 .............................................................................................. 288 第12章DM安全管理 ..................................................................................................................... 289 12.1 创建角色语句 ...................................................................................................................... 289 12.2 删除角色语句 ...................................................................................................................... 290 12.3 授权语句(数据库权限) ....................................................................................................... 290 12.4 授权语句(对象权限) ........................................................................................................... 291 12.5 授权语句(角色权限) ........................................................................................................... 295 12.6 回收权限语句(数据库权限) ............................................................................................... 295 12.7 回收权限语句(对象权限) ................................................................................................... 297 12.8 回收权限语句(角色权限) ................................................................................................... 299 12.9 策略与标记管理 .................................................................................................................. 300 12.9.1 创建策略 ...................................................................................................................... 300 12.9.2 修改策略 ...................................................................................................................... 300 12.9.3 删除策略 ...................................................................................................................... 302 12.9.4 安全标记 ...................................................................................................................... 302 12.9.5 用户标记设置语句 ...................................................................................................... 303 12.9.6 表标记设置语句 .......................................................................................................... 306 12.10 审计设置语句 .................................................................................................................... 308 12.11 审计取消语句 .................................................................................................................... 312 12.12 审计信息查阅语句 ............................................................................................................ 314 12.13 审计分析 ............................................................................................................................ 314 12.13.1 创建审计分析规则 .................................................................................................... 314 12.13.2 删除审计分析规则 .................................................................................................... 316 12.14加密引擎 ............................................................................................................................. 316 12.14.1 创建加密引擎 ............................................................................................................ 316 12.14.2 修改加密引擎 ............................................................................................................ 317 12.14.3 删除加密引擎 ............................................................................................................ 320 第13章外部链接 ............................................................................................................................... 321 13.1 创建外部链接 ...................................................................................................................... 321 13.2 删除外部链接 ...................................................................................................................... 322 13.3 使用外部连接进行远程对象操作 ...................................................................................... 322 第14章DM备份还原 ......................................................................................................................... 324 14.1 备份数据库 .......................................................................................................................... 324 14.2 还原数据库 .......................................................................................................................... 325 第15章包 ......................................................................................................................................... 327 15.1 创建包 ................................................................................................................................. 327 15.1.1 创建包规范 .................................................................................................................. 327 15.1.2 创建包主体 .................................................................................................................. 327 15.2 删除包 ................................................................................................................................. 328 15.2.1 删除包规范 .................................................................................................................. 328 15.2.2 删除包主体 .................................................................................................................. 329 15.3 应用实例 .............................................................................................................................. 329 第16章同义词 .................................................................................................................................. 332 16.1 创建同义词 .......................................................................................................................... 332 16.2 删除同义词 .......................................................................................................................... 332 附录1 关键字和保留字 ...................................................................................................................... 334 VI 附录2 SQL语法描述说明 ................................................................................................................... 338 附录3 SQL命令参考 ........................................................................................................................... 341 附录4系统存储过程和函数 ............................................................................................................... 343 附录5 DM技术支持 ............................................................................................................................ 387
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