Java设计模式-责任链模式(ChainOfResponsibility）

一、前言

通过请假的例子讲解责任链模式的使用。责任链在工作中也比较常用，如请假，公司申请离职，入职审批流，采购审批等等。

二、责任链模式

1. 责任链模式是什么？

为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。

2.责任链模式解决什么问题

职责链上的处理者负责处理请求，客户只需要将请求发送到职责链上即可，无须关心请求的处理细节和请求的传递，所以职责链将请求的发送者和请求的处理者解耦了。

3.责任链模式怎么使用？

拦截的类都实现统一接口。

三、责任链模式示例代码

以请假为例，请假需要班主任，副校长，校长审批。

1.定义请假的请求对象

/**
     * 请假 需要三级审批
     * level1 班主任
     * level2 副校长
     * level3 正校长
     */
    public class AskforLeaveRequest {
        //请假的姓名
        private String stuName;
        //请假原因
        private String reason;
        //审批级别到
        private int level = 1;

        public AskforLeaveRequest(String stuName, String reason) {
            this.stuName = stuName;
            this.reason = reason;
        }

        public String getStuName() {
            return stuName;
        }

        public void setStuName(String stuName) {
            this.stuName = stuName;
        }

        public String getReason() {
            return reason;
        }

        public void setReason(String reason) {
            this.reason = reason;
        }

        public int getLevel() {
            return level;
        }

        public void setLevel(int level) {
            this.level = level;
        }
    }

2.定义抽象的审批类

定义审批链对象，审批人，审批意见，提供方法设置下一个审批者，以及处理请求。

public abstract class Approver {
    //处理人
    Approver approver;
    //处理人姓名
    String approverName;
    //处理人意见 Y N  同意 不同意
    String approverOpinion;
    //构造函数
    public Approver(String approverName, String approverOpinion) {
        this.approverName = approverName;
        this.approverOpinion = approverOpinion;
    }
    //同意设置下一个审批人
    public abstract void setNextApprover(Approver approver) ;
    //处理审批请求
    public abstract void proccessRequest(AskforLeaveRequest askforLeaveRequest);
}

3.具体的审批者

班主任：

package behavior.ChainOfResponsibility;

/**
 * 班主任审批
 */
public class HeadTeacherApprover extends Approver {

    public HeadTeacherApprover(String approverName, String approverOpinion) {
        super(approverName, approverOpinion);
    }

    @Override
    public void setNextApprover(Approver approver) {
        this.approver = approver;
    }

    @Override
    public void proccessRequest(AskforLeaveRequest askforLeaveRequest) {
        System.out.println("请假人:"+askforLeaveRequest.getStuName()+",请假事由:"+askforLeaveRequest.getReason());
        System.out.println("当前审批人:"+this.approverName+",审批意见:"+this.approverOpinion);
    }
}

副校长：

package behavior.ChainOfResponsibility;

/**
 * 副校长
 */
public class VicePresidentApprover extends Approver{

    public VicePresidentApprover(String approverName, String approverOpinion) {
        super(approverName, approverOpinion);
    }

    @Override
    public void setNextApprover(Approver approver) {
        this.approver = approver;
    }

    @Override
    public void proccessRequest(AskforLeaveRequest askforLeaveRequest) {
        System.out.println("请假人:"+askforLeaveRequest.getStuName()+",请假事由:"+askforLeaveRequest.getReason());
        System.out.println("当前审批人:"+this.approverName+",审批意见:"+this.approverOpinion);

    }
}

校长:

package behavior.ChainOfResponsibility;

/**
 * 正校长审批
 */
public class PresidentApprover extends Approver{

    public PresidentApprover(String approverName, String approverOpinion) {
        super(approverName, approverOpinion);
    }

    @Override
    public void setNextApprover(Approver approver) {
        this.approver = approver;
    }

    @Override
    public void proccessRequest(AskforLeaveRequest askforLeaveRequest) {
        System.out.println("请假人:"+askforLeaveRequest.getStuName()+",请假事由:"+askforLeaveRequest.getReason());
        System.out.println("当前审批人:"+this.approverName+",审批意见:"+this.approverOpinion);
    }
}

4.测试

/**
 * 测试
 */
public class ChainOfResponseDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //请假人
        AskforLeaveRequest askforLeaveRequest = new AskforLeaveRequest("小哈","感冒");
        Approver headTeacher = new HeadTeacherApprover("班主任","同意");
        Approver vicePresident = new VicePresidentApprover("副校长","同意");
        Approver president = new PresidentApprover("校长","同意");
        System.out.println("=============================");
        headTeacher.proccessRequest(askforLeaveRequest);
        headTeacher.setNextApprover(vicePresident);
        System.out.println("=============================");
        vicePresident.proccessRequest(askforLeaveRequest);
        vicePresident.setNextApprover(president);
        System.out.println("=============================");
        president.proccessRequest(askforLeaveRequest);
    }
}

打印输出：

=============================
请假人:小哈,请假事由:感冒
当前审批人:班主任,审批意见:同意
=============================
请假人:小哈,请假事由:感冒
当前审批人:副校长,审批意见:同意
=============================
请假人:小哈,请假事由:感冒
当前审批人:校长,审批意见:同意

四 总结

责任链模式在审批流，工作流使用比较常用。