Request:
request对象和response对象的原理
- request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
- request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
request对象继承体系结构:
ServletRequest – 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest – 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
request功能:
获取请求消息数据
-
获取请求行数据
GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1- 方法:
-
获取请求方式 :GET
String getMethod() -
(*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
String getContextPath() -
获取Servlet路径: /demo1
String getServletPath() -
获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
String getQueryString() -
(*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
String getRequestURI() : /day14/demo1
StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1 中华人民共和国
URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国 -
获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
String getProtocol() -
获取客户机的IP地址:
String getRemoteAddr()
@WebServlet("/reqdemo01")
public class RequestDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*http://localhost:8080/day03/reqdemo01?name=long*/
// 获取请求方式
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println(method); // GET
// 获取虚拟目录
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath); ///day03
// 获取servlet 路径
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath); // /reqdemo01
// 获取get方式的请求参数
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString); //name=long
// 获取协议及版本
String protocol = request.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol); //HTTP/1.1
// 获取客户端的ip
String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(ip); //0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取所有的请求头名称 Enumeration迭代器
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
// System.out.println(headName);
String header = request.getHeader(headerName);
System.out.println(headerName+":"+header);
}
}
通过agent判断浏览器
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:user-agent
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
// 通过agent 判断浏览器的版本
if (agent.contains("Chrome")){
// 谷歌
System.out.println("谷歌来了");
}else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
//火狐
System.out.println("火狐来了...");
}
}
referer 防盗链
@WebServlet("/reqdemo04")
public class RequestDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:referer
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
// http://localhost:8080/day03/reqdemo04 直接访问网站,referer = null
System.out.println(referer); // null
// 从其他网站过来访问
//防盗链
if(referer != null){
if(referer.contains("day03")){
System.out.println("正常播放。。");
}else{
System.out.println("想看电影吗?来优酷吧...");
}
}else {
System.out.println("正常播放");
}
}
}
-
获取请求体数据:
- 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
- 步骤:
-
获取流对象
- BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
- ServletInputStream getInputStream() :获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
在文件上传知识点后讲解
-
再从流对象中拿数据
-
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// //获取请求消息体--请求参数
// 1, 获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
// 2,读取数据
String line = null;
while ((line = br.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(line);
}
// username=long&password=123
}
其他功能:
获取请求参数通用方式: 不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
- String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
- String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
- Enumeration getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
- Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
- 中文乱码问题:
- get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
- post方式:会乱码
- 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding(“utf-8”);
@WebServlet("/reqdemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 在接受数据前,设置request的编码格式
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// 获取用户名和密码
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String passwd = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println(username+"-->"+passwd);
// 获取多个值
String[] habbys = request.getParameterValues("habby");
for (String habby : habbys){
System.out.println(habby);
}
//获取所有请求参数的名称
Enumeration<String> names = request.getParameterNames();
while (names.hasMoreElements()){
String name = names.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
}
//获取所有参数的map 集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
Set<String> keySet = parameterMap.keySet();
for(String name: keySet){
String[] value = parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name+":"+ Arrays.asList(value));
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
-
步骤:
- 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
- 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
-
特点:
- 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
- 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
- 转发是一次请求
共享数据:
- 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
- request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
- 方法:
- void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
- Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
- void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
获取ServletContext:
- ServletContext getServletContext()
案例:用户登录
-
用户登录案例需求:
1.编写login.html登录页面
username & password 两个输入框
2.使用Druid数据库连接池技术,操作mysql,day03数据库中user表
3.使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC
4.登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!用户名,欢迎您
5.登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误 -
开发步骤:
- 创建数据库表:
CREATE DATABASE day14; USE day14; CREATE TABLE USER( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, username VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL, PASSWORD VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL );
- 创建包com.long123.domain,创建类User
package com.long123.domain; /** * 用户实体类 */ public class User { private int id; private String username; private String passwd; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPasswd() { return passwd; } public void setPasswd(String passwd) { this.passwd = passwd; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", username='" + username + '\'' + ", passwd='" + passwd + '\'' + '}'; } }
- 创建包com.long123.util,编写工具类JDBCUtils
package com.long123.util; import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory; import javax.sql.DataSource; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Properties; /** * JDBC 工具类 使用Durid连接池 */ public class JDBCUtils { private static DataSource ds; static{ try { // 1. 加载配置文件 Properties pro = new Properties(); // 使用ClassLoader加载配置文件,获取输入流 InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"); pro.load(is); //2.初始化连接池对象 ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 获取连接池对象 */ public static DataSource getDataSource(){ return ds; } /** * 获取连接池的Connection对象 */ public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return ds.getConnection(); } }
- 创建包com.long123.dao,创建类UserDao,提供login方法
package com.long123.dao; import com.long123.domain.User; import com.long123.util.JDBCUtils; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; /* * 操作数据库中user表的类 * */ public class UserDao { // 声明JDBCTemplate对象共用 private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource()); /** * 登录方法 * @param loginUser 只有用户和密码 * @return user 包含用户的所有信息 */ public User login(User loginUser){ try { // 1, 编写sql String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and passwd = ?"; // 2, 调用query 方法 User user = template.queryForObject(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), loginUser.getUsername(), loginUser.getPasswd()); System.out.println(user); return user; }catch (Exception e){ return null; } } }
- 创建包com.long123.servlet,创建LoginServlet
package com.long123.Servlet; import com.long123.dao.UserDao; import com.long123.domain.User; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/login") public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //1.设置request 的编码格式 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); // 2. 获取用户名和密码 String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); // 3.将username 和 password 封装成user对象 User loginUser = new User(); loginUser.setUsername(username); loginUser.setPasswd(password); // 4. 调用UserDao 的login() UserDao userDao = new UserDao(); User user = userDao.login(loginUser); // 5. 判断user if(user ==null){ // 登录失败,跳转到失败页面 request.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(request,response); }else { // 登录成功,存储数据 request.setAttribute("user",user); request.getRequestDispatcher("/sucessServlet").forward(request,response); } } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }
- 编写FailServlet和SuccessServlet类
package com.long123.Servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/failServlet") public class FailServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // 给页面发一句话 // 设置编码 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); // 输出到页面 response.getWriter().write("登录失败!,用户名或密码错误!"); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }
package com.long123.Servlet; import com.long123.dao.UserDao; import com.long123.domain.User; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/login") public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //1.设置request 的编码格式 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); // 2. 获取用户名和密码 String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); // 3.将username 和 password 封装成user对象 User loginUser = new User(); loginUser.setUsername(username); loginUser.setPasswd(password); // 4. 调用UserDao 的login() UserDao userDao = new UserDao(); User user = userDao.login(loginUser); // 5. 判断user if(user ==null){ // 登录失败,跳转到失败页面 request.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(request,response); }else { // 登录成功,存储数据 request.setAttribute("user",user); request.getRequestDispatcher("/sucessServlet").forward(request,response); } } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }
- 编写 login.html ,form表单的action路径的写法
* 虚拟目录+Servlet的资源路径
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/day03/login" method="post"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br> <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> </body> </html> ```
BeanUtils工具类,简化数据封装
- 用于封装JavaBean的
-
JavaBean:标准的Java类
- 要求:
- 类必须被public修饰
- 必须提供空参的构造器
- 成员变量必须使用private修饰
- 提供公共setter和getter方法
- 功能:封装数据
- 要求:
-
概念:
成员变量:
属性:setter和getter方法截取后的产物
例如:getUsername() --> Username–> username -
方法:
- setProperty()
- getProperty()
- populate(Object obj , Map map):将map集合的键值对信息,封装到对应的JavaBean对象中
/* // 2. 获取用户名和密码
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
// 3.将username 和 password 封装成user对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPasswd(password);*/
// 2.获取所有request 的信息 封装为map parameterMap
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
// 3. 利用BeanUtils 工具类将对数据进行封装
//3.1 创建一个空参对象
User loginUser = new User();
try {
// 3.2 利用BeanUtils进行封装
BeanUtils.populate(loginUser,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}