logging日志模块详解

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一、基础教程

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DEBUG                 详细信息，通常仅在诊断问题时才需要。

INFO              确认一切正常。

WARNING    表示发生了意外情况，或者表示在不久的将来出现了一些问题（例如“磁盘空间不足”）。该软件仍按预期运行。

ERROR           由于存在更严重的问题，该软件无法执行某些功能。

CRITICAL           严重错误，表明程序本身可能无法继续运行。

1、一个简单的例子：

import logging
logging.warning('Watch out!')  # will print a message to the console
logging.info('I told you so')  # will not print anything

执行结果：

.warning：root：Watch out!

默认级别为warning,所以info未输出

2、记录到文件

import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log',level=logging.DEBUG)#追加日志信息
#logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', filemode='w', level=logging.DEBUG)#覆盖日志信息
logging.debug('This message should go to the log file')
logging.info('So should this')
logging.warning('And this, too')

example.log文件内容:

DEBUG:root:This message should go to the log file
INFO:root:So should this
WARNING:root:And this, too

3、多个模块记录

#文件mylib.py
import logging

def do_something():
    logging.info('Doing something')


#文件myapp.py
import logging
import mylib

def main():
    logging.basicConfig(filename='myapp.log', level=logging.INFO)
    logging.info('Started')
    mylib.do_something()
    logging.info('Finished')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行结果

INFO:root:Started
INFO:root:Doing something
INFO:root:Finished

4、记录可变数据

import logging
logging.warning('%s before you %s', 'Look', 'leap!')


输出：
WARNING:root:Look before you leap!

5、更改显示消息中的格式

import logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s:%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)
logging.debug('This message should appear on the console')
logging.info('So should this')
logging.warning('And this, too')

输出：

DEBUG:This message should appear on the console
INFO:So should this
WARNING:And this, too

7、显示在消息中的日期/时间·

###----------------要显示事件的日期和时间，您可以将'％（asctime）s'放入格式字符串中：

import logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s')
logging.warning('is when this event was logged.')

输出：

2010-12-12 11:41:42,612 is when this event was logged.








####---日期/时间显示的默认格式（如上所示）类似于ISO8601或 RFC 3339。如果您需要对日期/时间格式的更多控制，请向提供一个 datefmt参数basicConfig，如以下示例所示：

import logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s', datefmt='%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p')
logging.warning('is when this event was logged.')


输出：

12/12/2010 11:46:36 AM is when this event was logged.
datefmt参数的格式与所支持的格式相同 time.strftime()。

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二、高级日志教程

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配置日志

import logging

# create logger
logger = logging.getLogger('simple_example')
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# create console handler and set level to debug
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# create formatter
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

# add formatter to ch
ch.setFormatter(formatter)

# add ch to logger
logger.addHandler(ch)

# 'application' code
logger.debug('debug message')
logger.info('info message')
logger.warning('warn message')
logger.error('error message')
logger.critical('critical message')

输出：

$ python simple_logging_module.py
2005-03-19 15:10:26,618 - simple_example - DEBUG - debug message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,620 - simple_example - INFO - info message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,695 - simple_example - WARNING - warn message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,697 - simple_example - ERROR - error message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,773 - simple_example - CRITICAL - critical message