【Java并发编程 线程安全】12.死锁现象和如何排查死锁问题

死锁现象

多线程死锁现象，同步中嵌套同步，无法释放锁，一直等待，变成死锁

/**
* 线程死锁现象
*/
public class ThreadDeadLock {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Resouce resouce1 = new Resouce("张三");
        Resouce resouce2 = new Resouce("李四");
        resouce1.start();
        resouce2.start();
    }
}
class Resouce extends Thread{
    String name;
 
    Resouce(String name){
        super(name);
    }
 
    public void run(){
        if ("张三".equals(getName())){
            synchronized ("遥控器") {
                System.out.println(getName()+"取走了遥控器，准备取电池！");
                synchronized ("电池") {
                    System.out.println(getName()+"取走了电池，开着空调爽歪歪的！");
                }
            }
        } else if("李四".equals(getName())){
            synchronized ("电池") {
                System.out.println(getName()+"取走了电池，准备取遥控器！");
                synchronized ("遥控器") {
                    System.out.println(getName()+"取走了遥控器，开着空调爽歪歪的！");
                }
            }
        }
 
    }
}
 

最后谁都没有吹上空调，两条线程依旧停第二把锁那里，打印如下：

张三取走了遥控器，准备取电池！
李四取走了电池，准备取遥控器！

产生原因：
java同步机制解决了线程安全问题，但是同时也引发了死锁现象。
死锁现象如何解决：没法解决，只能尽量避免死锁现象。
死锁出现的根本原因：

1. 存在两个或以上的线程存在。
2. 多线程必须共享两个或者以上的资源

死锁的四个必要条件

1.互斥

资源必须处于非共享模式，即一次只有一个进程可以使用。如果另一进程申请该资源，那么必须等待直到该资源被释放为止。

2.占有并等待

一个进程至少应该占有一个资源，并等待另一资源，而该资源被其他进程所占有。

3.非抢占

资源不能被抢占。只能在持有资源的进程完成任务后，该资源才会被释放。

4.循环等待

有一组等待进程 {P0, P1,…, Pn}， P0 等待的资源被 P1 占有，P1 等待的资源被 P2 占有，…，Pn-1 等待的资源被 Pn 占有，Pn 等待的资源被 P0 占有。

诊断死锁

Linux jstack排查步骤

1. 查询进程PID

   jps -l
   

2. 使用jstack指定pid

   jstack xxx
   

3. jstack打印死锁信息

"DestroyJavaVM" #14 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbe8a800 nid=0x8c78 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"李四" #13 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257d8c57800 nid=0x8864 waiting for monitor entry [0x00000090906ff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
        at com.test.demo05.Resouce.run(ThreadDeadLock.java:36)
        - waiting to lock <0x000000076bf50a08> (a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x000000076c095c08> (a java.lang.String)

"张三" #12 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257d8c57000 nid=0x8598 waiting for monitor entry [0x00000090905ff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
        at com.test.demo05.Resouce.run(ThreadDeadLock.java:29)
        - waiting to lock <0x000000076c095c08> (a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x000000076bf50a08> (a java.lang.String)

"Service Thread" #11 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257d8c17800 nid=0x8e88 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C1 CompilerThread3" #10 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257d8b82000 nid=0x29e4 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread2" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257d8b78800 nid=0x542c waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread1" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257d8b77000 nid=0x64e8 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread0" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257d8b76000 nid=0x37cc waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #6 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257d8b73000 nid=0x8fb4 runnable [0x000000908fefe000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:171)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
        - locked <0x000000076be43500> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
        - locked <0x000000076be43500> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:49)

"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257d6f51000 nid=0x5ac4 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257d6f50800 nid=0x8b08 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x00000257d6ed6000 nid=0x6240 in Object.wait() [0x000000908fbff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x000000076bb88ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:144)
        - locked <0x000000076bb88ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:165)
        at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:216)

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257bbf2f000 nid=0x393c in Object.wait() [0x000000908faff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x000000076bb86c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
        - locked <0x000000076bb86c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257bbf23800 nid=0x554 runnable

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbe9f000 nid=0x86bc runnable

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbea1800 nid=0x62a4 runnable

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbea3000 nid=0x4928 runnable

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbea5800 nid=0x6c90 runnable

"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbea6800 nid=0x6ff8 runnable

"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbeaa000 nid=0x888c runnable

"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbeab800 nid=0x8f08 runnable

"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x00000257bbeac800 nid=0x2c4c runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x00000257d8c19000 nid=0x6654 waiting on condition

JNI global references: 12


Found one Java-level deadlock:
=============================
"李四":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x00000257bbf35678 (object 0x000000076bf50a08, a java.lang.String),
  which is held by "张三"
"张三":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x00000257bbf32d38 (object 0x000000076c095c08, a java.lang.String),
  which is held by "李四"

Java stack information for the threads listed above:
===================================================
"李四":
        at com.test.demo05.Resouce.run(ThreadDeadLock.java:36)
        - waiting to lock <0x000000076bf50a08> (a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x000000076c095c08> (a java.lang.String)
"张三":
        at com.test.demo05.Resouce.run(ThreadDeadLock.java:29)
        - waiting to lock <0x000000076c095c08> (a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x000000076bf50a08> (a java.lang.String)

Found 1 deadlock.