读写锁又称互斥锁:相比Java中的锁(Locks in Java)里Lock实现,读写锁更复杂一些。假设你的程序中涉及到对一些共享资源的读和写操作,且写操作没有读操作那么频繁。在没有写操作的时候,两个线程同时读一个资源没有任何问题,所以应该允许多个线程能在同时读取共享资源。但是如果有一个线程想去写这些共享资源,就不应该再有其它线程对该资源进行读或写(也就是说:读-读能共存,读-写不能共存)。
下面看一下模拟缓存的例子,一个线程写,一个线程读:
/**
* 读写锁
* @author terry
* @date 2018年5月28日
*/
public class ThreadReadWriterLock extends Thread{
public volatile static Map<Object,Object> cache = new HashMap<>();
public void put(Object key,Object value){
System.out.println("正在写入"+key+",值为:"+value+",开始!");
cache.put(key, value);
System.out.println("写入key"+key+",值为:"+value+"结束!");
}
public Object get(Object key){
System.out.println("正在读取"+key+",开始!");
Object value = cache.get(key);
System.out.println("读取key"+key+",值为:"+value+"结束!");
return value;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadReadWriterLock threadReadWriterLock = new ThreadReadWriterLock();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0;i<10;i++) {
threadReadWriterLock.get(i);
}
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0;i<10;i++) {
threadReadWriterLock.put(i,i);
}
}).start();
}
}
这就出现问题了,当一个线程还没有写人完毕,另外一个线程进行了读操作。
使用 ReentrantReadWriteLock
读写锁:
public class ThreadReadWriterLock extends Thread{
public volatile static Map<Object,Object> cache = new HashMap<>();
static ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
static WriteLock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();
static ReadLock readLock = readWriteLock.readLock();
public void put(Object key,Object value){
writeLock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("正在写入"+key+",值为:"+value+",开始!");
cache.put(key, value);
System.out.println("写入key"+key+",值为:"+value+"结束!");
} finally {
writeLock.unlock();
}
}
public Object get(Object key){
readLock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("正在读取"+key+",开始!");
Object value = cache.get(key);
System.out.println("读取key"+key+",值为:"+value+"结束!");
return value;
} finally {
readLock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadReadWriterLock threadReadWriterLock = new ThreadReadWriterLock();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0;i<10;i++) {
threadReadWriterLock.put(i,i);
}
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0;i<10;i++) {
threadReadWriterLock.get(i);
}
}).start();
}
}