MD5加密算法原理以及C++实现

MD5消息摘要算法,属Hash算法一类。

主要运用于数据加密,一致性,信息摘要以及校验用。

比如最常用的支付宝,会将多个参数连起来加上一段key,进行MD5,连同参数一起发送给服务端,服务端根据参数进行同样操作,如果MD5码相同即为正确。

当然支付宝肯定不是这样使用的,这里只是举个例子!

算法原理

以下所描述的消息长度、填充数据都以位(Bit)为单位,字节序为小端字节。

1、数据填充

对消息进行数据填充,使消息的长度对512取余得448,设消息长度为X,即满足X % 512=448。根据此公式得出需要填充的数据长度。

填充方法:在消息后面进行填充,填充第一位为1,其余为0。

2、添加消息长度

在第一步结果之后再填充上原消息的长度,可用来进行的存储长度为64位。如果消息长度大于264,则只使用其低64位的值,即(消息长度 对 264取模)。

在此步骤进行完毕后,最终消息长度就是512的整数倍。

3、数据处理

准备需要用到的数据:

  • 4个常数: A = 0x67452301, B = 0x0EFCDAB89, C = 0x98BADCFE, D = 0x10325476;
  • &是与,|是或,~是非,^是异或
  • 4个函数:F(X,Y,Z)=(X & Y) | ((~X) & Z); G(X,Y,Z)=(X & Z) | (Y & (~Z));  H(X,Y,Z)=X ^ Y ^ Z; I(X,Y,Z)=Y ^ (X | (~Z));

把消息分以512位为一分组进行处理,每一个分组进行4轮变换,以上面所说4个常数为起始变量进行计算,重新输出4个变量,以这4个变量再进行下一分组的运算,如果已经是最后一个分组,则这4个变量为最后的结果,即MD5值。

假设处理后的原文长度是M 
主循环次数 = M / 512 
每个主循环中包含 512 / 32 * 4 = 64 次 子循环。

在主循环下面64次子循环中,F、G、H、I 交替使用,第一个16次使用F,第二个16次使用G,第三个16次使用H,第四个16次使用I。

在64次子循环中,每一次用到的常量都是不同的。

最后把循环加工最终产生的A,B,C,D四个值拼接在一起,转换成字符串即可。

下面给出在C++上的实现代码。

#ifndef md5_INCLUDED
#  define md5_INCLUDED

typedef unsigned char md5_byte_t; /* 8-bit byte */
typedef unsigned int md5_word_t; /* 32-bit word */

/* Define the state of the MD5 Algorithm. */
typedef struct md5_state_s {
    md5_word_t count[2];	/* message length in bits, lsw first */
    md5_word_t abcd[4];		/* digest buffer */
    md5_byte_t buf[64];		/* accumulate block */
} md5_state_t;

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" 
{
#endif

/* Initialize the algorithm. */
void md5_init(md5_state_t *pms);

/* Append a string to the message. */
void md5_append(md5_state_t *pms, const md5_byte_t *data, int nbytes);

/* Finish the message and return the digest. */
void md5_finish(md5_state_t *pms, md5_byte_t digest[16]);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}  /* end extern "C" */
#endif

#endif /* md5_INCLUDED */
#include "md5.h"
#include <string.h>

#undef BYTE_ORDER	/* 1 = big-endian, -1 = little-endian, 0 = unknown */
#ifdef ARCH_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
#  define BYTE_ORDER (ARCH_IS_BIG_ENDIAN ? 1 : -1)
#else
#  define BYTE_ORDER 0
#endif

#define T_MASK ((md5_word_t)~0)
#define T1 /* 0xd76aa478 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x28955b87)
#define T2 /* 0xe8c7b756 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x173848a9)
#define T3    0x242070db
#define T4 /* 0xc1bdceee */ (T_MASK ^ 0x3e423111)
#define T5 /* 0xf57c0faf */ (T_MASK ^ 0x0a83f050)
#define T6    0x4787c62a
#define T7 /* 0xa8304613 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x57cfb9ec)
#define T8 /* 0xfd469501 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x02b96afe)
#define T9    0x698098d8
#define T10 /* 0x8b44f7af */ (T_MASK ^ 0x74bb0850)
#define T11 /* 0xffff5bb1 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x0000a44e)
#define T12 /* 0x895cd7be */ (T_MASK ^ 0x76a32841)
#define T13    0x6b901122
#define T14 /* 0xfd987193 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x02678e6c)
#define T15 /* 0xa679438e */ (T_MASK ^ 0x5986bc71)
#define T16    0x49b40821
#define T17 /* 0xf61e2562 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x09e1da9d)
#define T18 /* 0xc040b340 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x3fbf4cbf)
#define T19    0x265e5a51
#define T20 /* 0xe9b6c7aa */ (T_MASK ^ 0x16493855)
#define T21 /* 0xd62f105d */ (T_MASK ^ 0x29d0efa2)
#define T22    0x02441453
#define T23 /* 0xd8a1e681 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x275e197e)
#define T24 /* 0xe7d3fbc8 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x182c0437)
#define T25    0x21e1cde6
#define T26 /* 0xc33707d6 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x3cc8f829)
#define T27 /* 0xf4d50d87 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x0b2af278)
#define T28    0x455a14ed
#define T29 /* 0xa9e3e905 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x561c16fa)
#define T30 /* 0xfcefa3f8 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x03105c07)
#define T31    0x676f02d9
#define T32 /* 0x8d2a4c8a */ (T_MASK ^ 0x72d5b375)
#define T33 /* 0xfffa3942 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x0005c6bd)
#define T34 /* 0x8771f681 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x788e097e)
#define T35    0x6d9d6122
#define T36 /* 0xfde5380c */ (T_MASK ^ 0x021ac7f3)
#define T37 /* 0xa4beea44 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x5b4115bb)
#define T38    0x4bdecfa9
#define T39 /* 0xf6bb4b60 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x0944b49f)
#define T40 /* 0xbebfbc70 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x4140438f)
#define T41    0x289b7ec6
#define T42 /* 0xeaa127fa */ (T_MASK ^ 0x155ed805)
#define T43 /* 0xd4ef3085 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x2b10cf7a)
#define T44    0x04881d05
#define T45 /* 0xd9d4d039 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x262b2fc6)
#define T46 /* 0xe6db99e5 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x1924661a)
#define T47    0x1fa27cf8
#define T48 /* 0xc4ac5665 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x3b53a99a)
#define T49 /* 0xf4292244 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x0bd6ddbb)
#define T50    0x432aff97
#define T51 /* 0xab9423a7 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x546bdc58)
#define T52 /* 0xfc93a039 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x036c5fc6)
#define T53    0x655b59c3
#define T54 /* 0x8f0ccc92 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x70f3336d)
#define T55 /* 0xffeff47d */ (T_MASK ^ 0x00100b82)
#define T56 /* 0x85845dd1 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x7a7ba22e)
#define T57    0x6fa87e4f
#define T58 /* 0xfe2ce6e0 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x01d3191f)
#define T59 /* 0xa3014314 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x5cfebceb)
#define T60    0x4e0811a1
#define T61 /* 0xf7537e82 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x08ac817d)
#define T62 /* 0xbd3af235 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x42c50dca)
#define T63    0x2ad7d2bb
#define T64 /* 0xeb86d391 */ (T_MASK ^ 0x14792c6e)


static void
md5_process(md5_state_t *pms, const md5_byte_t *data /*[64]*/)
{
    md5_word_t
	a = pms->abcd[0], b = pms->abcd[1],
	c = pms->abcd[2], d = pms->abcd[3];
    md5_word_t t;
#if BYTE_ORDER > 0
    /* Define storage only for big-endian CPUs. */
    md5_word_t X[16];
#else
    /* Define storage for little-endian or both types of CPUs. */
    md5_word_t xbuf[16];
    const md5_word_t *X;
#endif

    {
#if BYTE_ORDER == 0
	/*
	 * Determine dynamically whether this is a big-endian or
	 * little-endian machine, since we can use a more efficient
	 * algorithm on the latter.
	 */
	static const int w = 1;

	if (*((const md5_byte_t *)&w)) /* dynamic little-endian */
#endif
#if BYTE_ORDER <= 0		/* little-endian */
	{
	    /*
	     * On little-endian machines, we can process properly aligned
	     * data without copying it.
	     */
	    if (!((data - (const md5_byte_t *)0) & 3)) {
		/* data are properly aligned */
		X = (const md5_word_t *)data;
	    } else {
		/* not aligned */
		memcpy(xbuf, data, 64);
		X = xbuf;
	    }
	}
#endif
#if BYTE_ORDER == 0
	else			/* dynamic big-endian */
#endif
#if BYTE_ORDER >= 0		/* big-endian */
	{
	    /*
	     * On big-endian machines, we must arrange the bytes in the
	     * right order.
	     */
	    const md5_byte_t *xp = data;
	    int i;

#  if BYTE_ORDER == 0
	    X = xbuf;		/* (dynamic only) */
#  else
#    define xbuf X		/* (static only) */
#  endif
	    for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i, xp += 4)
		xbuf[i] = xp[0] + (xp[1] << 8) + (xp[2] << 16) + (xp[3] << 24);
	}
#endif
    }

#define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32 - (n))))

    /* Round 1. */
    /* Let [abcd k s i] denote the operation
       a = b + ((a + F(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s). */
#define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | (~(x) & (z)))
#define SET(a, b, c, d, k, s, Ti)\
  t = a + F(b,c,d) + X[k] + Ti;\
  a = ROTATE_LEFT(t, s) + b
    /* Do the following 16 operations. */
    SET(a, b, c, d,  0,  7,  T1);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  1, 12,  T2);
    SET(c, d, a, b,  2, 17,  T3);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  3, 22,  T4);
    SET(a, b, c, d,  4,  7,  T5);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  5, 12,  T6);
    SET(c, d, a, b,  6, 17,  T7);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  7, 22,  T8);
    SET(a, b, c, d,  8,  7,  T9);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  9, 12, T10);
    SET(c, d, a, b, 10, 17, T11);
    SET(b, c, d, a, 11, 22, T12);
    SET(a, b, c, d, 12,  7, T13);
    SET(d, a, b, c, 13, 12, T14);
    SET(c, d, a, b, 14, 17, T15);
    SET(b, c, d, a, 15, 22, T16);
#undef SET

     /* Round 2. */
     /* Let [abcd k s i] denote the operation
          a = b + ((a + G(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s). */
#define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & ~(z)))
#define SET(a, b, c, d, k, s, Ti)\
  t = a + G(b,c,d) + X[k] + Ti;\
  a = ROTATE_LEFT(t, s) + b
     /* Do the following 16 operations. */
    SET(a, b, c, d,  1,  5, T17);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  6,  9, T18);
    SET(c, d, a, b, 11, 14, T19);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  0, 20, T20);
    SET(a, b, c, d,  5,  5, T21);
    SET(d, a, b, c, 10,  9, T22);
    SET(c, d, a, b, 15, 14, T23);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  4, 20, T24);
    SET(a, b, c, d,  9,  5, T25);
    SET(d, a, b, c, 14,  9, T26);
    SET(c, d, a, b,  3, 14, T27);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  8, 20, T28);
    SET(a, b, c, d, 13,  5, T29);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  2,  9, T30);
    SET(c, d, a, b,  7, 14, T31);
    SET(b, c, d, a, 12, 20, T32);
#undef SET

     /* Round 3. */
     /* Let [abcd k s t] denote the operation
          a = b + ((a + H(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s). */
#define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
#define SET(a, b, c, d, k, s, Ti)\
  t = a + H(b,c,d) + X[k] + Ti;\
  a = ROTATE_LEFT(t, s) + b
     /* Do the following 16 operations. */
    SET(a, b, c, d,  5,  4, T33);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  8, 11, T34);
    SET(c, d, a, b, 11, 16, T35);
    SET(b, c, d, a, 14, 23, T36);
    SET(a, b, c, d,  1,  4, T37);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  4, 11, T38);
    SET(c, d, a, b,  7, 16, T39);
    SET(b, c, d, a, 10, 23, T40);
    SET(a, b, c, d, 13,  4, T41);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  0, 11, T42);
    SET(c, d, a, b,  3, 16, T43);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  6, 23, T44);
    SET(a, b, c, d,  9,  4, T45);
    SET(d, a, b, c, 12, 11, T46);
    SET(c, d, a, b, 15, 16, T47);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  2, 23, T48);
#undef SET

     /* Round 4. */
     /* Let [abcd k s t] denote the operation
          a = b + ((a + I(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s). */
#define I(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | ~(z)))
#define SET(a, b, c, d, k, s, Ti)\
  t = a + I(b,c,d) + X[k] + Ti;\
  a = ROTATE_LEFT(t, s) + b
     /* Do the following 16 operations. */
    SET(a, b, c, d,  0,  6, T49);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  7, 10, T50);
    SET(c, d, a, b, 14, 15, T51);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  5, 21, T52);
    SET(a, b, c, d, 12,  6, T53);
    SET(d, a, b, c,  3, 10, T54);
    SET(c, d, a, b, 10, 15, T55);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  1, 21, T56);
    SET(a, b, c, d,  8,  6, T57);
    SET(d, a, b, c, 15, 10, T58);
    SET(c, d, a, b,  6, 15, T59);
    SET(b, c, d, a, 13, 21, T60);
    SET(a, b, c, d,  4,  6, T61);
    SET(d, a, b, c, 11, 10, T62);
    SET(c, d, a, b,  2, 15, T63);
    SET(b, c, d, a,  9, 21, T64);
#undef SET

     /* Then perform the following additions. (That is increment each
        of the four registers by the value it had before this block
        was started.) */
    pms->abcd[0] += a;
    pms->abcd[1] += b;
    pms->abcd[2] += c;
    pms->abcd[3] += d;
}

void
md5_init(md5_state_t *pms)
{
    pms->count[0] = pms->count[1] = 0;
    pms->abcd[0] = 0x67452301;
    pms->abcd[1] = /*0xefcdab89*/ T_MASK ^ 0x10325476;
    pms->abcd[2] = /*0x98badcfe*/ T_MASK ^ 0x67452301;
    pms->abcd[3] = 0x10325476;
}

void
md5_append(md5_state_t *pms, const md5_byte_t *data, int nbytes)
{
    const md5_byte_t *p = data;
    int left = nbytes;
    int offset = (pms->count[0] >> 3) & 63;
    md5_word_t nbits = (md5_word_t)(nbytes << 3);

    if (nbytes <= 0)
	return;

    /* Update the message length. */
    pms->count[1] += nbytes >> 29;
    pms->count[0] += nbits;
    if (pms->count[0] < nbits)
	pms->count[1]++;

    /* Process an initial partial block. */
    if (offset) {
	int copy = (offset + nbytes > 64 ? 64 - offset : nbytes);

	memcpy(pms->buf + offset, p, copy);
	if (offset + copy < 64)
	    return;
	p += copy;
	left -= copy;
	md5_process(pms, pms->buf);
    }

    /* Process full blocks. */
    for (; left >= 64; p += 64, left -= 64)
	md5_process(pms, p);

    /* Process a final partial block. */
    if (left)
	memcpy(pms->buf, p, left);
}

void
md5_finish(md5_state_t *pms, md5_byte_t digest[16])
{
    static const md5_byte_t pad[64] = {
	0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
    };
    md5_byte_t data[8];
    int i;

    /* Save the length before padding. */
    for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
	data[i] = (md5_byte_t)(pms->count[i >> 2] >> ((i & 3) << 3));
    /* Pad to 56 bytes mod 64. */
    md5_append(pms, pad, ((55 - (pms->count[0] >> 3)) & 63) + 1);
    /* Append the length. */
    md5_append(pms, data, 8);
    for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
	digest[i] = (md5_byte_t)(pms->abcd[i >> 2] >> ((i & 3) << 3));
}

调用:

#include "md5.h"

std::string getDataMD5Hash(const std::string &dataStr)
{
    static const unsigned int MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH = 16;
	if (dataStr.empty())
		return std::string();
	md5_state_t state;
	md5_byte_t digest[MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
	char hexOutput[(MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH << 1) + 1] = { 0 };

	md5_init(&state);
	md5_append(&state, (const md5_byte_t *)dataStr.c_str(), (int)dataStr.size());
	md5_finish(&state, digest);

	for (int di = 0; di < 16; ++di)
		sprintf(hexOutput + di * 2, "%02x", digest[di]);

	return hexOutput;
}

 

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