linux磁盘分区、挂载、扩容

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-18 20:56:27 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-18 20:56:27 发布

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分类专栏： linux 文章标签： linux 服务器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37519198/article/details/129261303

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1、fdisk -l 查看磁盘情况，可以看到总共4块磁盘，sda是系统盘及根目录，剩余sdb、sdc、sdd三块磁盘可用

[root@openEuler dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdd: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa7c7a1e0


Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x08450d55


Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: EAA79339-30ED-4ABF-8801-C9516611767C


Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xeae28f32

Device     Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1         2048   411647   409600  200M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2  *    411648   821247   409600  200M  6 FAT16
/dev/sda3       821248 30197759 29376512   14G 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/mapper/openeuler-root: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/openeuler-swap: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

2、磁盘分区，

方式一：fdisk分区（将/dev/sdb分成两个5G的区）

[root@openEuler dev]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n  #要进行的操作，n表示新建分区
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):      # p表示新建主分区，默认p直接回车

Using default response p.
Partition number (2-4, default 2): # 设置分区号，我之前创建过1了，所有现在默认2，直接回车
First sector (10487808-20971519, default 10487808): #设置起始位置，默认就行
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (10487808-20971519, default 20971519): #设置结束位置，我这里是第二个分区了，默认到最后，第一个分区起始是0，结束位置写+5G,表示分配5G的大小

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.

Command (m for help): w # w保存并退出，q退出不保存
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

方式二：（推荐）parted分区（将/dev/sdc分成一个3G，一个7G的）

[root@openEuler dev]# parted /dev/sdc mkpart gpt 0% 30% #创建分区，起始位置0%，结束位置30%
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@openEuler dev]# parted /dev/sdc mkpart gpt 30% 100%
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

3、fdisk -l 查看分区结果符合预期，sdb1、sdb2各5G，sdc1 3G，sdc2 7G

[root@openEuler dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdd: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa7c7a1e0


Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x08450d55

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1           2048 10487807 10485760   5G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2       10487808 20971519 10483712   5G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: EAA79339-30ED-4ABF-8801-C9516611767C

Device       Start      End  Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdc1     2048  6291455  6289408   3G Linux filesystem
/dev/sdc2  6291456 20969471 14678016   7G Linux filesystem

4、挂载：

方式一：直接挂载分区（不推荐，后期无法动态扩容）mount /dev/sdb1 /home

方式二：挂载逻辑卷

（1）创建物理卷

[root@openEuler dev]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1,2}
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
[root@openEuler dev]# pvcreate /dev/sdc{1,2}
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created.
[root@openEuler dev]# pvs
  PV         VG        Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sda3  openeuler lvm2 a--  14.00g  4.00m
  /dev/sdb1            lvm2 ---   5.00g  5.00g
  /dev/sdb2            lvm2 ---  <5.00g <5.00g
  /dev/sdc1            lvm2 ---  <3.00g <3.00g
  /dev/sdc2            lvm2 ---  <7.00g <7.00g

（2）创建卷组（不知道为啥出0.02G误差，问题不大）

[root@openEuler dev]# vgcreate testvg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2  #testvg是卷组名称，后面是多个物理卷
  Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@openEuler dev]# vgs
  VG        #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  openeuler   1   2   0 wz--n- 14.00g  4.00m    # 系统的
  testvg      4   0   0 wz--n- 19.98g 19.98g    # 刚创建的

（3）创建逻辑卷（一个8G，一个12G（上面开始出了20M误差））

[root@openEuler dev]# lvcreate -L 8G testvg  #直接指定大小8G，testvg是卷组名
  Logical volume "lvol0" created.
[root@openEuler dev]# lvcreate -l 100%FREE testvg #按剩余容量的百分比分配
  Logical volume "lvol1" created.
[root@openEuler dev]# lvs #查看，有lvol0和lvol1两个逻辑卷
  LV    VG        Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root  openeuler -wi-ao---- 10.00g
  swap  openeuler -wi-ao----  4.00g
  lvol0 testvg    -wi-a-----  8.00g
  lvol1 testvg    -wi-a----- 11.98g

（4）格式化逻辑卷（只有第一次新建需要格式化）

[root@openEuler ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/lvol0
mke2fs 1.46.4 (18-Aug-2021)
Creating filesystem with 2097152 4k blocks and 524288 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 394e80e2-1096-4158-8953-232ea07cbef2
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@openEuler ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/lvol1
mke2fs 1.46.4 (18-Aug-2021)
Creating filesystem with 3141632 4k blocks and 786432 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 6e569e9d-cb54-4592-a77e-e6e0d0c3d491
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

（5）挂载

[root@openEuler ~]# df -h  #挂载前
Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                    716M     0  716M   0% /dev
tmpfs                       733M   12K  733M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                       293M  4.4M  289M   2% /run
tmpfs                       4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/openeuler-root  9.8G  2.5G  6.9G  27% /
tmpfs                       733M     0  733M   0% /tmp
/dev/sda1                   182M   87M   82M  52% /boot
/dev/sda2                   200M  8.0K  200M   1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/openeuler-swap  3.9G   24K  3.7G   1% /swap
[root@openEuler ~]# mount /dev/testvg/lvol0 /home   #挂载
[root@openEuler ~]# mount /dev/testvg/lvol1 /data
[root@openEuler ~]# df -h  #挂载后，多出/home和/data两个挂载点
Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                    716M     0  716M   0% /dev
tmpfs                       733M   12K  733M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                       293M  4.4M  289M   2% /run
tmpfs                       4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/openeuler-root  9.8G  2.5G  6.9G  27% /
tmpfs                       733M     0  733M   0% /tmp
/dev/sda1                   182M   87M   82M  52% /boot
/dev/sda2                   200M  8.0K  200M   1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/openeuler-swap  3.9G   24K  3.7G   1% /swap
/dev/mapper/testvg-lvol1     12G   24K   12G   1% /data
/dev/mapper/testvg-lvol0    7.8G   24K  7.4G   1% /home

（6）扩容，现在还有一块sdd磁盘未使用，步骤是分区、创建物理卷、加入到已有的卷组（上面创建好的testvg）、给逻辑卷分配容量、刷新逻辑卷

[root@openEuler ~]# parted /dev/sdd mkpart 0% 100%  # 分区
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@openEuler ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd1                # 创建物理卷
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.
[root@openEuler ~]# vgextend testvg /dev/sdd1        # 把物理卷加到卷组
  Volume group "testvg" successfully extended
[root@openEuler ~]#lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/testvg/lvol0 # 把50%空闲容量分配给lvol0逻辑卷
  WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 5.00 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce testvg/lvol0? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume testvg/lvol0 changed from 8.00 GiB (2048 extents) to 5.00 GiB (1280 extents).
  Logical volume testvg/lvol0 successfully resized.
[root@openEuler ~]# resize2fs /dev/testvg/lvol2     # 刷新逻辑卷
resize2fs 1.46.4 (18-Aug-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/testvg/lvol2 is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/testvg/lvol2 is now 3407872 (4k) blocks long.
[root@openEuler ~]# df -h                            # 扩容成功，/home挂载点从8G变成了13G
Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                    716M     0  716M   0% /dev
tmpfs                       733M   12K  733M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                       293M  4.4M  289M   2% /run
tmpfs                       4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/openeuler-root  9.8G  2.5G  6.9G  27% /
tmpfs                       733M     0  733M   0% /tmp
/dev/sda1                   182M   87M   82M  52% /boot
/dev/sda2                   200M  8.0K  200M   1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/openeuler-swap  3.9G   24K  3.7G   1% /swap
/dev/mapper/testvg-lvol1     12G   24K   12G   1% /data
/dev/mapper/testvg-lvol0     13G   40M   13G   1% /home