Spring IoC自动装载autowire

Spring IoC自动装载autowire

自动装载是Spring提供的一种更加简便的方式来完成DI（依赖注入），不需要手动配置property，IoC容器会自动选择bean完成注入。
⭐自动装载有两种方式：

• byName，通过属性名完成自动装载
• byType，通过属性对应的数据类型完成自动装载
  ⭐byName的方式

1. 创建Person实体类

package com.oyrf.entity;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Person {
    private Integer Id;
    private String name;
    private Car car;
}

2. 在spring.xml中配置Car和Person对应的bean，并且通过自动装载完成依赖注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p">
   <bean id="person" class="com.oyrf.entity.Person" autowire="byName">
       <property name="id" value="1"></property>
       <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
   </bean>
    <bean id="car" class="com.oyrf.entity.Car">
        <constructor-arg name="num" value="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="brand" value="宝马"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

⭐byType的方式（把id改成car2，不是根据名字去取了，而是根据类型）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p">
   <bean id="person" class="com.oyrf.entity.Person" autowire="byType">
       <property name="id" value="1"></property>
       <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
   </bean>
    <bean id="car2" class="com.oyrf.entity.Car">
        <constructor-arg name="num" value="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="brand" value="宝马"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

⭐注意：
使用byType进行自动装载时，必须保证IoC中只有一个符合条件的bean，否则会抛出异常。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p">
    <bean id="person" class="com.oyrf.entity.Person" autowire="byType">
       <property name="id" value="1"></property>
       <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="car" class="com.oyrf.entity.Car">
        <constructor-arg name="num" value="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="brand" value="宝马"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="car2" class="com.oyrf.entity.Car">
        <constructor-arg name="num" value="2"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="brand" value="奔驰"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.oyrf.entity.Car' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: car,car2