java异常体系

异常体系：
默认抛出runtimeException 事物回滚
抛出Exception error 事物不回滚
级别提升为throwable 不管Exception error事物都回滚

throwable 是所有类的父类 子类是error exception
throwable exception 需要抛出异常 或者try catch 捕获异常
error 和 runtimeException 是运行时异常 不需要处理，

分为4类：
Throwable throwable; 是一个class
需要处理异常
Error error; 是一个class 继承的是Throwable

Exception exception; 是一个class 继承的是Throwable
检查异常-当某个方法可能出现异常，需要处理，否则编译不通过。
RuntimeException runtimeException; 是一个class 继承的是Exception
运行时异常

自定义异常

public class Aoo extends Exception {

    public  Aoo(){
        super();
    }

    public Aoo(String msg){
        super(msg);
    }

    public Aoo (String msg,Throwable cause){
        super(msg,cause);
    }

    public Aoo(Throwable cause){
        super(cause);
    }
}

public class Tests {

    @Test
    public void test() throws Aoo {
        new Tests().a();
    }

    private void a() throws Aoo {
        Aoo aoo = new Aoo();
        throw aoo;
    }
}

HashMap 继承的是runtimeException
初始化容量小于零，不合理运行时抛出异常


异常抓取：

 private void a(){
        try {
            throw new Exception();
        } catch (RuntimeException  e) {  //runtimeException是exceprtion的子类  是无法指向父类的
            System.out.println(1);
        }catch (Exception e){   //抓住异常后就不会再往下走
            System.out.println(2);
        }catch (Throwable e){
            System.out.println(3);
        }finally {
            System.out.println(4);
        }
    }
    输出2  4；

private void a(){
        try {
            int a=0;
            throw new RuntimeException();
        } catch (RuntimeException  e) {  
            throw e;
            *System.out.println(1);* 这段代码是编译不通过的，已经抛出异常不会再往下走。
        }
    }

finally 不一定会输出

 public void a(){
        if(1==1)
            throw new RuntimeException();
        try{
        }finally {
            System.out.println(4);
        }
    }

public int a(){
        //n 储存的是值
        int a =0;
        try{
            a=1;
            return a;
        }finally {
           a=2;
           return a;
        }
    }
    返回2

  public static Foo  a(){
        //n = foo 储存的是地址
       Foo foo = new Foo();
        try{
            foo.setFlag("a");
            return foo;
        }finally {
           foo.setFlag("b");
           return foo;
        }
    }

断言 -ea开启断言 关闭以后可以不执行断言

   //断言
        boolean a=false;
        assert a:"aa" ;
        System.out.println(1);

public  void  a(){
        try{
            Exception e1= new Exception();
            throw e1;
        }catch (Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("aa",e);
        }
    }

java.lang.RuntimeException: aa

    at com.ssm.Tests.a(Tests.java:32)
    at com.ssm.Tests.test(Tests.java:24)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.Exception
    at com.ssm.Tests.a(Tests.java:29)
    ... 23 more