CountDownLatch 它被用来同步一个或者多个任务,强制他们等待由其他任务执行的一组操作完成。
你可以向CountDownLatch对象设置一个初始计数值,任何在这个对象上调用wait()的方法都将阻塞,直到这个计数值达到0。其他任务在结束其工作时,可以在该对象上调用countDown()来减小这个计数值。CountDownLatch被设计为只出发一次,计数值不能被重置。如果你需要能够重置计数值的版本,可以使用CycliicBarrier。
调用countDown()的任务在产生这个调用时并没有被阻塞,只有对await()的调用会被阻塞,直至计数器到达0。
CountDownLatch的典型用法是将程序分为n个相互独立的可解决任务,并创建值为0的CountDownLatch。当每个任务完成时,都会在这个锁存器上调用countDown()。等待问题被解决的任务在这个锁存器上调用await(),将他们自己拦住,直至锁存器计数结束。下面是演示这种技术的一个框架事例:
package concurrency;//: concurrency/CountDownLatchDemo.java
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
// Performs some portion of a task:
class TaskPortion implements Runnable {
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
private final CountDownLatch latch;
TaskPortion(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
public void run() {
try {
doWork();
latch.countDown();
} catch(InterruptedException ex) {
// Acceptable way to exit
}
}
public void doWork() throws InterruptedException {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(2000));
print(this + "completed");
}
public String toString() {
return String.format("%1$-3d ", id);
}
}
// Waits on the CountDownLatch:
class WaitingTask implements Runnable {
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private final CountDownLatch latch;
WaitingTask(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
public void run() {
try {
latch.await();
print("Latch barrier passed for " + this);
} catch(InterruptedException ex) {
print(this + " interrupted");
}
}
public String toString() {
return String.format("WaitingTask %1$-3d ", id);
}
}
public class CountDownLatchDemo {
static final int SIZE = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// All must share a single CountDownLatch object:
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(SIZE);
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
exec.execute(new WaitingTask(latch));
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
exec.execute(new TaskPortion(latch));
print("Launched all tasks");
exec.shutdown(); // Quit when all tasks complete
}
} /* (Execute to see output) *///:~
TaskPortion将随机的休眠一段时间,以模拟这部分工作的完成,erWaitingTask表示系统中必须等待的部分,它要等待到问题的初始部分完成为止。所有的任务都使用了main()中定义的同一个单一的CountDownLatch。