selenium+chromedriver集成到scrapy框架

项目结构：

qsbk_scrapy_selenium.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from pydispatch import dispatcher
from scrapy import signals
from selenium import webdriver
from scrapy_selenium.items import ScrapySeleniumItem

class QsbkScrapySeleniumSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'qsbk_scrapy_selenium'
    allowed_domains = ['qiushibaike.com']
    start_urls = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/1/']
    crawl_domain = 'https://www.qiushibaike.com'

    def __init__(self):
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        #调用父类构造函数
        super(QsbkScrapySeleniumSpider, self).__init__()
        dispatcher.connect(self.spider_closed, signals.spider_closed)

    def spider_closed(self):
        print("spider closed")
        #爬虫关闭时关闭浏览器
        self.browser.quit()

    def parse(self, response):
        print("=" * 40)
        # <class 'scrapy.http.response.html.HtmlResponse'>
        print(type(response))
        print("=" * 40)
        # xpath方式解析元素
        hrefList = response.xpath("//div[@id='content']//a[@class='contentHerf']/@href").getall()
        for href in hrefList:
            print(self.crawl_domain + href)
            yield scrapy.Request(self.crawl_domain + href, callback=self.getContent)
        next_url = response.xpath("//ul[@class='pagination']/li[last()]/a/@href").get()
        if not next_url:
            # 程序结束
            return
        else:
            # 发送下一页请求
            yield scrapy.Request(self.crawl_domain + next_url, callback=self.parse)

    def getContent(self, response):
        content = response.xpath("//div[@id='content']//div[@class='content']/text()").getall()
        print(content)
        # 将数据放入一个对象里面
        item = ScrapySeleniumItem(duanzi=content)
        # 将数据返回给管道
        yield item

items.py

import scrapy
class ScrapySeleniumItem(scrapy.Item):
    duanzi = scrapy.Field()

middlewares.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
from time import sleep

from pydispatch import dispatcher
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse

#爬虫中间件
class ScrapySeleniumSpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Request, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

#下载器中间件
class ScrapySeleniumDownloaderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    #可以在请求下载器之前做一些设置
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        if spider.name == 'qsbk_scrapy_selenium':
            #同步请求
            spider.browser.get(request.url)
            sleep(3)
            print("访问url:" + request.url)
            #url：请求路径 body：请求返回的资源
            return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,
                                encoding='utf8', request=request)
    #可以在返回引擎之前做一些设置
    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.

        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        return response

    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
        pass

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import json

#存储数据
class ScrapySeleniumPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fp = open("duanzi.json", "w", encoding="utf-8")

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        print("爬虫开始了...")

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        # 接收parse函数返回的数据
        item_json = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False)
        # \n代表换行
        self.fp.write(item_json + "\n")
        return item

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.fp.close()
        print("爬虫结束了...")

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for scrapy_selenium project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'scrapy_selenium'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['scrapy_selenium.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'scrapy_selenium.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'scrapy_selenium (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#设置请求头
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  'Accept-Language': 'en',
  'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.120 Safari/537.36'
}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'scrapy_selenium.middlewares.ScrapySeleniumSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#打开下载器
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   'scrapy_selenium.middlewares.ScrapySeleniumDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'scrapy_selenium.pipelines.ScrapySeleniumPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

startCrawlProject.py

from scrapy import cmdline

#直接运行这个文件 不需要在命令行敲scrapy crawl qsbk_spider代码
cmdline.execute(['scrapy','crawl','qsbk_scrapy_selenium'])