指针与数组，指针与函数

一：一维数组与一级指针

数组名是数组的地址，也是数组首元素的地址。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double average_1(double array[], int count);      
double average_2(double* p, int n);

int main(void)
{
	//一维数组----------一级指针
	double values[] = { 10.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0 };

	cout << "Average = "
	     << average_1(values, (sizeof values)/(sizeof values[0])) << endl;

	cout << endl << "Average = "
	     << average_2(values, (sizeof values)/(sizeof values[0])) << endl;

	return 0;
}

double average_1(double array[], int count)
{
	double sum(0.0);                    
	for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		sum += array[i];            

	return sum/count;                   
}
double average_2(double* p, int n)
{
	double sum = 0.0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		sum += *p++;
	//	sum += p[i];
	
	return sum/n;
}

二：二维数组与数组指针

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double yield(double array[][4], int n);
double yield_2(double (*p)[4], int n);

int main(void)
{
	double beans[3][4] =  { { 1.0,  2.0,  3.0,  4.0 },
				{ 5.0,  6.0,  7.0,  8.0 },
			        { 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0 } };

	cout << endl << "Yield = " << yield(beans, sizeof beans/sizeof beans[0])
	     << endl;
	cout << endl << "Yield_2 = " << yield_2(beans, sizeof beans/sizeof beans[0])
	     << endl;
	return 0;
}

double yield(double beans[][4], int count)
{
	double sum(0.0);
	for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)		  
		for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++)       
			sum += beans[i][j];
	return sum;
}

//二维数组与数组指针的关系
double yield_2(double (*p)[4], int n)		//double[4]* p
{
	double sum = 0.0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
		{
			sum += p[i][j];
		}
	}
	return sum;
}

三：指针数组与二级指针

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void yield(char* array[], int n);
void yield_2(char** p, int n);

int main(void)
{
	//指针数组，，每一个数组元素是一个指针
	char* beans[4] = {"IBM", "Microsoft", "Oracle", "Sun"};

	yield(beans, sizeof beans/sizeof beans[0]);
	yield_2(beans, sizeof beans/sizeof beans[0]);
	
	return 0;
}

void yield(char* beans[], int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout<<beans[i]<<endl;

	cout<<endl;
}

//指针数组与二级指针的关系
void yield_2(char** p, int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout<<p[i]<<endl;
}

四：函数指针

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

long sum(long a, long b);              
long product(long a, long b);          

int main(void)
{
	//函数指针----指向函数的地址
	long (*pdo_it)(long, long);          

	//函数名初始化指针
	pdo_it = product;
	cout << endl
	     << "3*5 = " << pdo_it(3, 5);    

	pdo_it = sum;                        
	cout << endl
	     << "3*(4 + 5) + 6 = "
	     << pdo_it(product(3, pdo_it(4, 5)), 6);   
	cout << endl;
	return 0;
}

long product(long a, long b)
{
	return a*b;
}

long sum(long a, long b)
{
	return a + b;
}

五：返回类型为指针的函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double* treble(double);                   

int main(void)
{
	double num(5.0);                       
	double* ptr(nullptr);                  

	ptr = treble(num);

	cout << endl << "Three times num = " << 3.0*num;

	cout << endl << "Result = " << *ptr;   
	delete ptr;		//释放内存
	ptr = 0;

	cout << endl;
	return 0;
}

double* treble(double data)
{
//	double result(0.0);

	double* result(new double(0.0));
	*result = 3.0*data;
	return result;
}