9.java定时器

java定时器

java的定时器有四种实现方式

• 使用java的timer类，这种方式可以灵活的控制定时器的开启关闭
• 使用线程和线程池的方法，这种方式对于关闭定时器是不优雅的，甚至可能出错
• 使用spring注解来启动定时任务，使用起来简单，但是关闭起来不方便，得配合那些监听器
• 使用quartz框架来解决，很专业，也很重。

简单记录一下这些方式的用法

java Timer

package com.yezi_tool.demo_basic.test;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
 
@Component
public class TimerTest {
    private Integer count = 0;
 
    public TimerTest() {
        testTimer2();
    }
 
    public void testTimer2() {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        MyTask myTask = new MyTask();
        timer.schedule(myTask, 0, 1000);
    }
 
    private class MyTask extends TimerTask {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                //do Something
                System.out.println(new Date().toString() + ": " + count);
                count++;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
 
}

Spring 的@Scheduled

@Component
@EnableScheduling
public class ScheduleTest {
 
    private int count = 0;
 
    /**
     * 每3秒钟执行一次
     */
    @Scheduled(cron = "*/3 * * * * ?")
    public void test1() {
        System.out.println(count + "：" + (new Date()).toString());
        count++;
    }
}

java线程池

直接用线程sleep方法，也可以扩展使用线程池，本质都是不停的循环+sleep

package com.yezi_tool.demo_basic.test;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import java.util.Date;
 
@Component
public class ThreadTest {
 
    private Integer count = 0;
 
    public ThreadTest() {
        test1();
    }
 
    public void test1() {
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (count < 10) {
                System.out.println(new Date().toString() + ": " + count);
                count++;
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

ScheduledTask + runnable,使用专门的定时任务线程池，但是关闭不优雅，根据情况使用

package com.yezi_tool.demo_basic.test;
 
import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import java.util.Date;
 
@Component
public class ThreadTest {
 
    private Integer count = 0;
    private final TaskScheduler taskScheduler;
 
    public ThreadTest(TaskScheduler taskScheduler) {
        this.taskScheduler = taskScheduler;
        test3();
    }
 
    public void test3() {
        taskScheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
            System.out.println(new Date().toString() + ": " + count);
            count++;
        }, 3000);
    }
}

package com.yezi_tool.demo_basic.test;
 
import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler;
import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import java.util.Date;
 
@Component
public class ThreadTest {
 
    private Integer count = 0;
    private final TaskScheduler taskScheduler;
 
    public ThreadTest(TaskScheduler taskScheduler) {
        this.taskScheduler = taskScheduler;
        test4();
    }
 
    public void test4() {
        taskScheduler.schedule(() -> {
            System.out.println(new Date().toString() + ": " + count);
            count++;
        }, new CronTrigger("0 0 1 * * ?"));
    }
}

Quartz

quartz是一个完整的专门做定时任务的框架，支持分布式，事务等复杂功能，具体结构如下：

• job用来定义任务
• trigger用来设置任务执行时间
• scheduler：用来管理任务的执行，暂停和停止
• 此外重要的监视器功能JobListener、TriggerListener、SchedulerListener，能够监视上面三个类的生命周期
  
  quartz中文说明
  quarts英文官网
  quarts中文教程

public class HelloJob implements Job {

    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
        Object tv1 = context.getTrigger().getJobDataMap().get("t1");
        Object tv2 = context.getTrigger().getJobDataMap().get("t2");
        Object jv1 = context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap().get("j1");
        Object jv2 = context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap().get("j2");
        Object sv = null;
        try {
            sv = context.getScheduler().getContext().get("skey");
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(tv1+":"+tv2);
        System.out.println(jv1+":"+jv2);
        System.out.println(sv);
        System.out.println("hello:"+LocalDateTime.now());
    }

}

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
        
        //创建一个scheduler
        Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
        scheduler.getContext().put("skey", "svalue");
        
        //创建一个Trigger
        Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
                .usingJobData("t1", "tv1")
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(3)
                        .repeatForever()).build();
        trigger.getJobDataMap().put("t2", "tv2");
        
        //创建一个job
        JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)
                    .usingJobData("j1", "jv1")
                    .withIdentity("myjob", "mygroup").build();
        job.getJobDataMap().put("j2", "jv2");
        
        //注册trigger并启动scheduler
        scheduler.scheduleJob(job,trigger);
        scheduler.start();
        
    }

}