2021-09-24 Android 的进程间通信 Binder Messenger实例学习

一、Messenger是Google为我们封装好的简洁版的AIDL，当面对少量的并发进程间通信更适用。而且不用考虑线程同步问题。使用场景：少量的一对多的串行进程间通信，支持实时通信，使用比较简单，不支持直接调用服务端的方法。

二、android的屏幕截屏功能就是用到这个Messenger。

三、下面让我们实例学习吧。

       1、服务器端代码

        1.1 源码大概的界面

 

         1.2 src\main\java\com\giada\messenger_server\MainActivity.java

package com.giada.messenger_server;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
}

          1.3 src\main\res\layout\activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

          1.4  src\main\java\com\giada\messenger_server\GDService.java

package  com.giada.messenger_server;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
public class GDService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "BINDERMESSENGERDOME";
    //1、用于接收客户端发送过来的消息
    Handler mServerHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case 1:
                    //获取来自客户端的消息
                    Bundle data = msg.getData();
                    String clientMsg = data.getString("clientMsg");
                    Log.e(TAG, "handleMessage: message from client：clientMsg=" + clientMsg);
                    // 向客户端回复消息
                    Messenger clientMessenger = msg.replyTo; //获取到客户端的 Messenger，这里可以保存为全局变量，以后就不用每次都去获取了
                    Message toClientMsg = Message.obtain();
                    toClientMsg.what=1;
                    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                    bundle.putString("serverMsg", "I am server，recevied your message!");
                    toClientMsg.setData(bundle);
                    try {
                        clientMessenger.send(toClientMsg);//回复客户端
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
                    break;
            }
        }
    };
    //2、使用Handler创建Messenger。
    Messenger mServerMessenger = new Messenger(mServerHandler);
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mServerMessenger.getBinder();//3、向客户端返回服务端的Binder
    }
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy: MyServerService" );
    }
}

          1.5 src\main\AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.giada.messenger_server">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Messenger_server">

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <!--注：服务端的包名为：com.giada.messenger_server，客户端绑定Service的时候是使用程序的包名，不是使用MyServerService类的包名     android:process=":messenger" -->
        <service
            android:name=".GDService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"
            android:process=":mesengerserver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.giada.messenger_server.server.action"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
    </application>

</manifest>

        2、客户端代码

        2.1 源码大概的界面

         2.2 src\main\java\com\giada\messenger_client\MainActivity.java

package com.giada.messenger_client;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "BINDERMESSENGERDOME";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
    Messenger mServerMessenger = null;
    ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            mServerMessenger = new Messenger(service);
            Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected: bind server successfully");
        }
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {//注：unbindService不会调用此方法
            mServerMessenger = null;
            Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected: disconnected to server");
        }
    };
    //3、绑定服务端并在回调方法onServiceConnected中保存下服务端的Messenger
    public void bind(View view) {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        ComponentName serviceComponent = ComponentName.unflattenFromString("com.giada.messenger_server/com.giada.messenger_server.GDService");
        intent.setComponent(serviceComponent);
        boolean bindService =  bindService(intent, mConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        Log.i(TAG, "bind: bindService=" + bindService);
    }

    //1、创建一个Handler用于接收服务端发送过来的消息
    Handler mClientHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case 1:
                    //获取来自服务端的消息
                    Bundle data = msg.getData();
                    String serverMsg = data.getString("serverMsg");
                    Log.e(TAG, "handleMessage: message for server：serverMsg=" + serverMsg);
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
                    break;
            }
        }
    };
    //2、构建一个客户端的Messenger，方便服务端使用
    Messenger mClientMessenger = new Messenger(mClientHandler);
    //4、使用服务端的Messenger发送消息给服务端，并携带上客户端的Messenger。
    public void sendMessageToServer(View view) {
        if (mServerMessenger == null) return;
        // 向服务端发送消息
        Message toServerMsg = Message.obtain();
        toServerMsg.what = 1;
        toServerMsg.replyTo = mClientMessenger;//将客户端的Messenger携带上，服务端可以用来回复客户端的消息
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString("clientMsg", "hello，server ^_^");
        toServerMsg.setData(bundle);
        try {
            mServerMessenger.send(toServerMsg);//使用服务端的Messenger发送消息给服务端
            Log.e(TAG, "sendMessageToServer: ");
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void unBind(View view) {
        if (mServerMessenger != null) {
            unbindService(mConnection);
            mServerMessenger = null;
        }
        Log.e(TAG, "unBind: ");
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unBind(null);
    }
}

         2.3  src\main\AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.giada.messenger_client">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Messenger_client">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

    </application>

    <!--
       <queries>
        <package android:name="com.giada.messenger_server" />
    </queries>
    -->

    <queries>
        <package android:name="com.giada.messenger_server" />
    </queries>
</manifest>

         2.4 src\main\res\layout\activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="10dp"
    android:paddingLeft="10dp"
    android:paddingRight="10dp"
    android:paddingTop="10dp"
    android:background="@color/black"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bind"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:text="bind"
        android:onClick="bind"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send"
        android:layout_below="@id/bind"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:text="send"
        android:onClick="sendMessageToServer"
        />
</RelativeLayout>

 

       3、在机器上运行这两个app

        4、执行效果图如下。

 

参考文章

Android 的进程间通信 Binder——Messenger的入门使用 - 简书