STL之string的简单实现---(String)

废话不说了上代码

String.h

#pragma once
#pragma warning(disable:4996)//去除vs编译器scanf函数报错
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<assert.h>
using namespace std;
class String {
public:
	//构造函数，开辟空间
	String(const char* str = "")
		:_str(nullptr)
		, _capacity(0) {
		_size = strlen(str);
		//_str = new char[_size + 1];
		Reserve(_size);
		strcpy(_str, str);
	}
	//拷贝构造
	String(const String& s)
		:_str(nullptr)
		, _size(0)
		, _capacity(0) {
		String tmp(s._str);
		Swap(tmp);
	}
	//析构函数
	~String() {
		if (_str) {
			delete[] _str;
			_str = nullptr;
			_size = 0;
			_capacity = 0;
		}
	}
	//交换函数
	void Swap(String& s) {
		swap(_str, s._str);
		swap(_size, s._size);
		swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
	}
	//复制重载
	String& operator=( String& s) {
		String tmp(s._str);
		Swap(tmp);
		return *this;
	}
	//字符串运算重载
	String& operator+= (char ch){//字符加
		PushBack(ch);
		return *this;
	}
	String& operator+=(const char* str) {//字符串加
		Append(str);
		return *this;
	}
	String& operator+=(const String& s) {//String 加
		*this += s._str;
		return *this;
	}
	//比较运算符重载
	bool operator <(const String& s) {
		int flag = strcmp(_str, s._str);
		if (flag >= 0) {
			return false;
		}
		else {
			return true;
		}
	}

	bool operator ==(const String& s)const {
		int flag = strcmp(_str, s._str);
		if (flag != 0) {
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	bool operator !=(const String& s)const {
		if (*this == s)
			return false;
		return true;
	//	return ~(*this == s);

	}

	bool operator <=(const String& s) {
	if((*this<s)||(*this==s))
		return true;
	return false;
	}

	bool operator >(const String& s) {
		if ((*this) <= s)
			return false;
		return true;
	}

	bool operator >=(const String& s) {
		if (*this < s) {
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
	//末尾加字符
	void PushBack(char ch) {
		Insert(_size, ch);
	}
	//末尾加字符串
	void Append(const char* str) {
		Insert(_size, str);
	}
	//指定位置加字符
	void Insert(size_t pos, char ch) {
		assert(pos <= _size);
		if (_size == _capacity) {
			Reserve(_capacity * 2);
		}
		//注意判断条件，当判断条件为>=零时 pos为零，会出错
		for (size_t i = _size+1; i >= pos+1; --i) {
			_str[i ] = _str[i-1];
		}
		_str[pos] = ch;
		_size++;
	}
	//指定位置加字符串
	void Insert(size_t pos, const char* str) {
		assert(pos <= _size);
		int len = strlen(str);
		if (_size + len >= _capacity) {
			Reserve(_size+len);
		}
		//借用字符插入函数的方法，但是时间复杂度高。
			/*for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
				Insert(i+ pos, str[i]);
			}
		_str[_size] = '\0';*/
		//在此处要注意判断条件不能>=0 因为size_t是无符号整型，没有负数
		_size += len;
		for (size_t i = _size; i >= pos+len; --i) {
			_str[i] =_str[i-len];
		}
		for (size_t i = pos; i < pos+len; ++i) {
			_str[i] = str[i - pos];
		}
		
	}
	//扩容而已_capacity
	void Reserve(size_t n) {
		if (n == 0 || n > _capacity) {
			size_t newsize = n;
			//采用加值清尾法，使已给值到达下一个8的倍数，清尾后，则正好符合整数8的倍数
			if (n % 8 != 0)
				 newsize = (n + 7) & (~7);
			else
				newsize = n + 8;
			char* newstr = new char[newsize];
			if (_str)
				strcpy(newstr, _str);
			_str = newstr;
			_capacity = newsize - 1;
		}
	}
	//扩容并增加_size大小
	void Resize(size_t n, char ch = '\0') {
		if (n <= _size) {
			_size = n;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}
		else {
			Reserve(n);
			for (size_t i = _size; i < n; ++i) {
				_str[i] = ch;
				++_size;
			}
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}
	}
	//输出函数
	void display() {
		cout << _str << " " << _size << " " << _capacity << endl;
	}
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, String& s);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,String& s);
private:
	char* _str;
	size_t _size;
	size_t _capacity;
};
istream& operator>>(istream& in, String& s) {
	cin >> s._str;
	return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, String& s) {
	out << s._str << " " << s._size << " " << s._capacity << endl;
	return out;
}

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include"String.h"
//输入输出和构造函数，赋值的测试
void Test1() {
	String s1 = "abc";
	String s2(s1);
	String s3 = s1;
	cout << s1;
	cout << s2;
	cout << s3;
	s1.display();
	s2.display();
	s3.display();
}
//插入函数   字符和字符串 的测试
void Test2() {
	String s1 = "abcdg";
	s1.display();
	String s2(s1);
	s2.display();
	String s3 = s1;
	s3.display();
	s1.Insert(0,'t');//测试字符插入
	s2.Insert(0, "qwer");//测试字符串插入
	s3.Insert(3, "xyz");//插入尾部
	s1.display();
	s2.display();
	s3.display();
}
//对于字符 字符串 String对象的+=运算符测试
void Test3() {
	String s1 = "abc";
	String s2(s1);
	String s3 = s1;
	s1 += 'z';
	s2 += "xyz";
	s3 += s2;
	s1.display();
	s2.display();
	s3.display();
}
//对比较运算符的重载
void Test4() {
	String s1 = "abc";
	String s4 = s1;
	String s5 = "a";
	String s2(s1);
	String s3 = s1;
	s2 += "xyz";
	s3 += s2;
	cout << (s1 != s2) << endl;
	cout << (s1 != s3) << endl;
	cout << (s1 != s4) << endl;
	cout << (s1 != s5) << endl;
	cout << "--------------------" << endl;
	cout << (s1 <= s2) << endl;
	cout << (s1 < s2) << endl;
	cout << (s1 == s2) << endl;
	cout << (s1 != s2) << endl;
	cout << (s1 >= s2) << endl;
	cout << (s1 >s3) << endl;
	cout << "-----------------" << endl;
	cout << (s1 < s2) << endl;
	cout << (s1 < s3) << endl;
	cout << (s2 < s3) << endl; 
	cout << (s1 == s2) << endl;
	cout << (s1 ==s3) << endl;
	cout << (s2 ==s3) << endl;

	s1.display();
	s2.display();
	s3.display();
}
int main()
{
	/*String s1 = "abc";
	String s2(s1);
	cout << s1 << endl;
	cout << s2 << endl;
	//s1 += 'a';
	s1.Insert(1, 'a');
	//s2.Insert(1, "qwerty");
	//s2 += "cbajsldfalskdflkasjldfjlksdf";
	cout << s1 << endl;
	s2.display();
	s2 = s1;
	s2.display();
	//s2.display();
	//s2.Reserve(100);
	//s2.display();
	//s2.Resize(150);
	//s2.display();
	//cout << s2 << endl;
	*/
	Test4();
	return 0;


}