java 二叉搜索树的实现

转载https://www.cnblogs.com/ysocean/p/8032642.html

查找节点

查找某个节点，我们必须从根节点开始遍历。

1. 查找值比当前节点值大，则搜索右子树；
2. 查找值等于当前节点值，停止搜索（终止条件）；
3. 查找值小于当前节点值，则搜索左子树；

//查找节点
public Node find(int key) {
    Node current = root;
    while(current != null){
        if(current.data > key){//当前值比查找值大，搜索左子树
            current = current.leftChild;
        }else if(current.data < key){//当前值比查找值小，搜索右子树
            current = current.rightChild;
        }else{
            return current;
        }
    }
    return null;//遍历完整个树没找到，返回null
}

用变量current来保存当前查找的节点，参数key是要查找的值，刚开始查找将根节点赋值到current。接在在while循环中，将要查找的值和current保存的节点进行对比。如果key小于当前节点，则搜索当前节点的左子节点，如果大于，则搜索右子节点，如果等于，则直接返回节点信息。当整个树遍历完全，即current == null，那么说明没找到查找值，返回null。

树的效率：查找节点的时间取决于这个节点所在的层数，每一层最多有2n-1个节点，总共N层共有2n-1个节点，那么时间复杂度为O(logn),底数为2。

---

插入节点

要插入节点，必须先找到插入的位置。与查找操作相似，由于二叉搜索树的特殊性，待插入的节点也需要从根节点开始进行比较，小于根节点则与根节点左子树比较，反之则与右子树比较，直到左子树为空或右子树为空，则插入到相应为空的位置，在比较的过程中要注意保存父节点的信息 及 待插入的位置是父节点的左子树还是右子树，才能插入到正确的位置。

//插入节点
public boolean insert(int data) {
    Node newNode = new Node(data);
    if(root == null){//当前树为空树，没有任何节点
        root = newNode;
        return true;
    }else{
        Node current = root;
        Node parentNode = null;
        while(current != null){
            parentNode = current;
            if(current.data > data){//当前值比插入值大，搜索左子节点
                current = current.leftChild;
                if(current == null){//左子节点为空，直接将新值插入到该节点
                    parentNode.leftChild = newNode;
                    return true;
                }
            }else{
                current = current.rightChild;
                if(current == null){//右子节点为空，直接将新值插入到该节点
                    parentNode.rightChild = newNode;
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

---

遍历

遍历树是根据一种特定的顺序访问树的每一个节点。比较常用的有前序遍历，中序遍历和后序遍历。而二叉搜索树最常用的是中序遍历。

①、中序遍历:左子树——》根节点——》右子树

②、前序遍历:根节点——》左子树——》右子树

③、后序遍历:左子树——》右子树——》根节点
　　

//中序遍历
public void infixOrder(Node current){
    if(current != null){
        infixOrder(current.leftChild);
        System.out.print(current.data+" ");
        infixOrder(current.rightChild);
    }
}
 
//前序遍历
public void preOrder(Node current){
    if(current != null){
        System.out.print(current.data+" ");
        preOrder(current.leftChild);
        preOrder(current.rightChild);
    }
}
 
//后序遍历
public void postOrder(Node current){
    if(current != null){
        postOrder(current.leftChild);
        postOrder(current.rightChild);
        System.out.print(current.data+" ");
    }
}

这没什么好说的，要找最小值，先找根的左节点，然后一直找这个左节点的左节点，直到找到没有左节点的节点，那么这个节点就是最小值。同理要找最大值，一直找根节点的右节点，直到没有右节点，则就是最大值。

//找到最大值
public Node findMax(){
    Node current = root;
    Node maxNode = current;
    while(current != null){
        maxNode = current;
        current = current.rightChild;
    }
    return maxNode;
}
//找到最小值
public Node findMin(){
    Node current = root;
    Node minNode = current;
    while(current != null){
        minNode = current;
        current = current.leftChild;
    }
    return minNode;
}

---

下面是完整代码

Tree.java

package com.ys.tree;
 
public interface Tree {
    //查找节点
    public Node find(int key);
    //插入新节点
    public boolean insert(int data);
     
    //中序遍历
    public void infixOrder(Node current);
    //前序遍历
    public void preOrder(Node current);
    //后序遍历
    public void postOrder(Node current);
     
    //查找最大值
    public Node findMax();
    //查找最小值
    public Node findMin();
     
    //删除节点
    public boolean delete(int key);
     
    //Other Method......
}

---

public class BinaryTree implements Tree {
    //表示根节点
    private Node root;
 
    //查找节点
    public Node find(int key) {
        Node current = root;
        while(current != null){
            if(current.data > key){//当前值比查找值大，搜索左子树
                current = current.leftChild;
            }else if(current.data < key){//当前值比查找值小，搜索右子树
                current = current.rightChild;
            }else{
                return current;
            }
        }
        return null;//遍历完整个树没找到，返回null
    }
 
    //插入节点
    public boolean insert(int data) {
        Node newNode = new Node(data);
        if(root == null){//当前树为空树，没有任何节点
            root = newNode;
            return true;
        }else{
            Node current = root;
            Node parentNode = null;
            while(current != null){
                parentNode = current;
                if(current.data > data){//当前值比插入值大，搜索左子节点
                    current = current.leftChild;
                    if(current == null){//左子节点为空，直接将新值插入到该节点
                        parentNode.leftChild = newNode;
                        return true;
                    }
                }else{
                    current = current.rightChild;
                    if(current == null){//右子节点为空，直接将新值插入到该节点
                        parentNode.rightChild = newNode;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
     
    //中序遍历
    public void infixOrder(Node current){
        if(current != null){
            infixOrder(current.leftChild);
            System.out.print(current.data+" ");
            infixOrder(current.rightChild);
        }
    }
     
    //前序遍历
    public void preOrder(Node current){
        if(current != null){
            System.out.print(current.data+" ");
            infixOrder(current.leftChild);
            infixOrder(current.rightChild);
        }
    }
     
    //后序遍历
    public void postOrder(Node current){
        if(current != null){
            infixOrder(current.leftChild);
            infixOrder(current.rightChild);
            System.out.print(current.data+" ");
        }
    }
    //找到最大值
    public Node findMax(){
        Node current = root;
        Node maxNode = current;
        while(current != null){
            maxNode = current;
            current = current.rightChild;
        }
        return maxNode;
    }
    //找到最小值
    public Node findMin(){
        Node current = root;
        Node minNode = current;
        while(current != null){
            minNode = current;
            current = current.leftChild;
        }
        return minNode;
    }
     
    @Override
    public boolean delete(int key) {
        Node current = root;
        Node parent = root;
        boolean isLeftChild = false;
        //查找删除值，找不到直接返回false
        while(current.data != key){
            parent = current;
            if(current.data > key){
                isLeftChild = true;
                current = current.leftChild;
            }else{
                isLeftChild = false;
                current = current.rightChild;
            }
            if(current == null){
                return false;
            }
        }
        //如果当前节点没有子节点
        if(current.leftChild == null && current.rightChild == null){
            if(current == root){
                root = null;
            }else if(isLeftChild){
                parent.leftChild = null;
            }else{
                parent.rightChild = null;
            }
            return true;
             
            //当前节点有一个子节点，右子节点
        }else if(current.leftChild == null && current.rightChild != null){
            if(current == root){
                root = current.rightChild;
            }else if(isLeftChild){
                parent.leftChild = current.rightChild;
            }else{
                parent.rightChild = current.rightChild;
            }
            return true;
            //当前节点有一个子节点，左子节点
        }else if(current.leftChild != null && current.rightChild == null){
            if(current == root){
                root = current.leftChild;
            }else if(isLeftChild){
                parent.leftChild = current.leftChild;
            }else{
                parent.rightChild = current.leftChild;
            }
            return true;
        }else{
            //当前节点存在两个子节点
            Node successor = getSuccessor(current);
            if(current == root){
                successor = root;
            }else if(isLeftChild){
                parent.leftChild = successor;
            }else{
                parent.rightChild = successor;
            }
            successor.leftChild = current.leftChild;
        }
        return false;
         
    }
 
    public Node getSuccessor(Node delNode){
        Node successorParent = delNode;
        Node successor = delNode;
        Node current = delNode.rightChild;
        while(current != null){
            successorParent = successor;
            successor = current;
            current = current.leftChild;
        }
        //后继节点不是删除节点的右子节点，将后继节点替换删除节点
        if(successor != delNode.rightChild){
            successorParent.leftChild = successor.rightChild;
            successor.rightChild = delNode.rightChild;
        }
         
        return successor;
    }
     
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BinaryTree bt = new BinaryTree();
        bt.insert(50);
        bt.insert(20);
        bt.insert(80);
        bt.insert(10);
        bt.insert(30);
        bt.insert(60);
        bt.insert(90);
        bt.insert(25);
        bt.insert(85);
        bt.insert(100);
        bt.delete(10);//删除没有子节点的节点
        bt.delete(30);//删除有一个子节点的节点
        bt.delete(80);//删除有两个子节点的节点
        System.out.println(bt.findMax().data);
        System.out.println(bt.findMin().data);
        System.out.println(bt.find(100));
        System.out.println(bt.find(200));
         
    }
 
}